Emerging nano-delivery systems for targeting mitochondria

This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the potential of mitochondria-targeting nanosystems as a novel therapeutic approach for treating a wide range of diseases. It explores the underlying mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction in disease progression and shows how nanotechnology offers an innovative platform for delivering targeted therapies directly to mitochondria. We also highlight the role of mitochondria in cellular function and disease pathology particularly in cancer, followed by a consideration of the therapeutic potential of targeting these organelles. We explore the recent development and design principles of mitochondria-targeting nanosystems, assessing their applications and challenges and finally outline future research directions, emphasizing the importance of overcoming current limitations to expand the use of these nanosystems in medicine. This is intended to provide valuable insights into the promising connection of mitochondrial biology and nanotechnology, with the goal of advancing innovative treatments for various diseases.