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Updated: Feb 17, 2026

Evaluation of the Cognitive Performance of Hypertensive Patients with Silent Cerebrovascular Lesions
Published on: April 23, 2021
Cognitive impairment in clinically isolated syndrome: A systematic review
Carolina Fiorin Anhoque1, Simone Cristina Aires Domingues2, Antônio Lúcio Teixeira3
1Neuroscience Post-graduation Program, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte MG, Brazil.
Abstract:
The pattern of cognitive abnormalities in multiple sclerosis (MS) has been extensively studied and well characterized. However, little is known about the cognitive involvement in patients with the clinically isolated syndrome (CIS).
Objectives:
To perform a systematic review of the results of the studies on cognitive dysfunction in CIS patients.
Methods:
Cochrane, Lilacs, PubMed/Medline and SciELO databases were searched for studies involving patients with clinically isolated syndrome submitted to neuropsychological evaluation.
Results:
Seven studies fulfilled the selection criteria adopted in this review. The pattern of cognitive abnormalities in CIS resembles that found in patients with MS and is characterized by attention deficit, reduced information processing speed and impaired working memory and executive functions. The frequency of cognitive impairment in CIS seems to be lower than in MS.
Conclusions:
Cognition should be evaluated in patients with CIS. Future studies are required to evaluate the impact of cognitive abnormalities and to correlate them with axonal damage findings in patients with CIS.
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