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Evolution of virulence in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
Mickael Orgeur1, Roland Brosch1
1Institut Pasteur, Unit for Integrated Mycobacterial Pathogenomics, 75015 Paris, France.
Current Opinion in Microbiology
|December 8, 2017
Summary
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a leading cause of human tuberculosis, evolved sophisticated immune evasion strategies. This review explores the evolution of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) and its success factors.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Evolutionary Biology
- Pathogen Dynamics
Background:
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTBC) is a widespread human pathogen responsible for tuberculosis.
- It infects a quarter of the global population by evading immune defenses.
- MTBC evolved from ancestral environmental mycobacteria, such as Mycobacterium canettii.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent evolutionary models of the MTBC.
- To elucidate factors contributing to the evolutionary success of M. tuberculosis.
- To identify novel virulence determinants essential for MTBC pathogens.
Main Methods:
- Whole genome analyses.
- Phenotypic screening.
- Literature review of evolutionary models and virulence factors.
Main Results:
- Recent genomic and phenotypic studies offer insights into MTBC evolution.
- Novel virulence determinants essential for MTBC obligate pathogens have been identified.
- Understanding MTBC evolution aids in comprehending its success as a human pathogen.
Conclusions:
- The evolutionary trajectory of MTBC is complex, involving adaptation from environmental mycobacteria.
- Sophisticated immune evasion mechanisms are key to M. tuberculosis's widespread success.
- Continued research into MTBC evolution and virulence is crucial for combating tuberculosis.
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