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NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
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Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
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The number of nuclear spins aligned in the lower energy state is slightly greater than those in the higher energy state. In the presence of an external magnetic field, as the spins precess at the Larmor frequency, the excess population results in a net magnetization oriented along the z axis. When a pulse or a short burst of radio waves at the Larmor frequency is applied along the x axis, the coupling of frequencies causes resonance and flips the nuclear spins of the excess population from the...
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All atomic particles possess an intrinsic angular momentum, or 'spin'. Electrons, protons, and neutrons each have a spin value of ½, although protons and neutrons in nuclei may have higher half-integer spins owing to energetic factors.
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Nanofabrication of Gate-defined GaAs/AlGaAs Lateral Quantum Dots
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Resonantly driven CNOT gate for electron spins.

D M Zajac1, A J Sigillito1, M Russ2

  • 1Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|December 9, 2017
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a fast, high-fidelity CNOT gate for electron spins in silicon quantum dots. This breakthrough advances universal quantum computing by enabling robust two-qubit operations essential for complex algorithms.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Computing
  • Quantum Information Science
  • Solid-State Physics

Background:

  • Universal quantum computing relies on high-fidelity single-qubit and two-qubit gates.
  • Electron spins in silicon offer a promising platform for qubits, but robust CNOT gates have been hindered by noise.
  • Previous efforts faced challenges with nuclear spin dephasing and charge noise, limiting CNOT gate performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate an efficient and high-fidelity CNOT gate for electron spins in silicon.
  • To overcome the limitations of nuclear spin dephasing and charge noise in quantum dot architectures.
  • To enable the implementation of multi-qubit algorithms in silicon-based quantum processors.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized resonantly driven CNOT gate operations on electron spins within a silicon quantum dot device.
  • Achieved single-qubit rotations with fidelities exceeding 99%, verified through randomized benchmarking.
  • Controlled exchange coupling to implement the quantum CNOT gate with resonant driving in approximately 200 nanoseconds.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated a resonantly driven CNOT gate for electron spins in silicon with high fidelity.
  • Achieved single-qubit rotation fidelities greater than 99%.
  • Generated a Bell state with 78% fidelity using the implemented CNOT gate, after correcting for state preparation and measurement errors.

Conclusions:

  • The developed CNOT gate is an efficient and robust building block for silicon-based quantum computing.
  • The quantum dot device architecture facilitates the implementation of multi-qubit algorithms.
  • This work represents a significant step towards scalable and fault-tolerant quantum computation in silicon.