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DNA as a Genetic Template

DNA as a Genetic Template

Two structural features of the DNA molecule provide a basis for the mechanisms of heredity: the four nucleotide bases and its double-stranded nature. The Watson-Crick model of double-helical DNA structure, proposed in 1952, drew heavily upon the X-ray crystallography work of researchers Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins. Watson, Crick, and Wilkins jointly received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work in 1962. Franklin was, controversially, excluded from the prize for...

DNA as a Genetic Template

DNA as a Genetic Template

Genome Annotation and Assembly

Genome Annotation and Assembly

The genome refers to all of the genetic material in an organism. It can range from a few million base pairs in microbial cells to several billion base pairs in many eukaryotic organisms. Genome assembly refers to the process of taking the DNA sequencing data and putting it all back together in a correct order to create a close representation of the original genome. This is followed by the identification of functional elements on the newly assembled genome, a process called genome annotation.

DNA Packaging

DNA Packaging

Assembly of Cytoskeletal Filaments

Assembly of Cytoskeletal Filaments

Cytoskeletal filaments are polymeric forms of smaller protein subunits. However, individual cytoskeletal filaments may easily disassemble or associate with other similar filaments to form rigid structures. Microfilaments, made of actin monomers, rely on actin-binding proteins to form bundles and create networks of individual actin filaments. Microtubules rely on microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) to form sturdy cylindrical structures. However, the proteins involved in forming complex...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 17, 2026

Self-assembly of Complex Two-dimensional Shapes from Single-stranded DNA Tiles

Self-assembly of Complex Two-dimensional Shapes from Single-stranded DNA Tiles

Published on: May 8, 2015

Gigadalton-scale shape-programmable DNA assemblies.

Klaus F Wagenbauer¹, Christian Sigl¹, Hendrik Dietz¹

¹Technical University of Munich, Physics Department and Institute for Advanced Study, Am Coulombwall 4a, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany.

|December 9, 2017

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers combined DNA origami with natural assembly principles to create large, complex biomolecular structures. This DNA nanotechnology approach enables the self-assembly of gigadalton-scale objects with controlled sizes and high efficiency.

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Last Updated: Feb 17, 2026

Self-assembly of Complex Two-dimensional Shapes from Single-stranded DNA Tiles

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Published on: May 8, 2015

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Folding and Characterization of a Bio-responsive Robot from DNA Origami

Published on: December 3, 2015

Area of Science:

Biomolecular self-assembly
DNA nanotechnology
Synthetic biology

Background:

Natural self-limiting hierarchical oligomerization is key for forming complex biomolecular assemblies like viruses.
Mimicking these natural assembly capabilities with de novo protein design and DNA nanotechnology is challenging for creating large, complex artificial structures.

Purpose of the Study:

To combine natural assembly principles with DNA origami methods for bottom-up construction of gigadalton-scale artificial structures.
To demonstrate the creation of complex, precisely sized structures using DNA origami building blocks.

Main Methods:

Utilized DNA sequence information to encode shapes of DNA origami building blocks.
Controlled higher-order assembly through geometry and interactions of building blocks, dictating copy numbers, positions, and orientations.
Employed rigid building blocks with validated structures and interaction motifs for self-limiting, equilibrium-driven hierarchical assembly.

Main Results:

Successfully created large-scale DNA assemblies including planar rings (up to 350 nm diameter, 330 megadaltons), thick tubes (micrometer-long), and 3D polyhedra (up to 1.2 gigadaltons, 450 nm diameter).
Achieved efficient assembly yields up to 90% through a self-limiting hierarchical process allowing for error correction.
Demonstrated precise control over size, shape, and complexity of artificial structures.

Conclusions:

The developed DNA origami strategy enables the self-assembly of artificial structures approaching the size of viruses and cellular organelles.
This modular and addressable approach facilitates the creation of diverse complex structures with well-defined sizes.
The method offers a powerful platform for advancing bottom-up construction in nanotechnology and synthetic biology.