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Responses to Drought and Flooding

Responses to Drought and Flooding

Water plays a significant role in the life cycle of plants. However, insufficient or excess of water can be detrimental and pose a serious threat to plants.

Transcription

Transcription

Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...

Responses to Heat and Cold Stress

Responses to Heat and Cold Stress

Every organism has an optimum temperature range within which healthy growth and physiological functioning can occur. At the ends of this range, there will be a minimum and maximum temperature that interrupt biological processes.

Regulation of Transpiration by Stomata

Regulation of Transpiration by Stomata

During photosynthesis, plants acquire the necessary carbon dioxide and release the produced oxygen back into the atmosphere. Openings in the epidermis of plant leaves is the site of this exchange of gasses. A single opening is called a stoma—derived from the Greek word for “mouth.” Stomata open and close in response to a variety of environmental cues.

Adaptations that Reduce Water Loss

Adaptations that Reduce Water Loss

Though evaporation from plant leaves drives transpiration, it also results in loss of water. Because water is critical for photosynthetic reactions and other cellular processes, evolutionary pressures on plants in different environments have driven the acquisition of adaptations that reduce water loss.

Responses to Salt Stress

Responses to Salt Stress

Salt stress—which can be triggered by high salt concentrations in a plant’s environment—can significantly affect plant growth and crop production by influencing photosynthesis and the absorption of water and nutrients.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 17, 2026

Processing the Loblolly Pine PtGen2 cDNA Microarray

Processing the Loblolly Pine PtGen2 cDNA Microarray

Published on: March 20, 2009

Tree co-occurrence and transcriptomic response to drought.

Nathan G Swenson¹, Yoshiko Iida², Robert Howe³

¹Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA. swenson@umd.edu.

Nature Communications

|December 10, 2017

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Species

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Area of Science:

Plant ecology and transcriptomics.

Background:

Environmental drivers, such as drought, significantly influence plant species distribution and co-occurrence.
Increasing drought frequency and severity necessitate understanding plant functional responses to these events.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the relationship between transcriptomic responses to drought and natural species co-occurrence patterns.
To determine if gene expression similarity under drought predicts co-occurrence better than traditional ecological measures.

Main Methods:

A community-level analysis of gene expression in plants subjected to experimental drought.
Comparison of gene set enrichment similarity across species.
Correlation of transcriptomic similarity with natural co-occurrence data, functional traits, and phylogenetic relatedness.

Main Results:

Species exhibiting similar gene set enrichment patterns in response to drought were found to co-occur non-randomly in natural environments.
Transcriptomic response similarity was a superior predictor of natural co-occurrence compared to functional trait similarity and phylogenetic relatedness.

Conclusions:

Transcriptomic similarity under drought stress is a significant factor shaping plant community structure.
Gene expression analysis offers a powerful, novel approach to enhance ecological investigations of species distributions and community assembly.