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Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

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Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 17, 2026

Preliminary Study on Acupuncture Combined with Grain-sized Moxibustion for Treating Rheumatoid Arthritis with Finger Joint Pain
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Arthritis of recent onset.

H Ralph Schumacher

    Postgraduate Medicine
    |December 12, 2017
    PubMed
    Summary

    Arthritis is often seen as chronic, but it can also appear suddenly due to infection, crystals, or trauma. This review guides physicians on diagnosing acute arthritis through history and physical exams.

    Area of Science:

    • Rheumatology
    • Internal Medicine
    • Clinical Diagnosis

    Background:

    • Arthritis is commonly perceived as a chronic, progressive condition.
    • Acute onset arthritis can be a presenting symptom of various underlying diseases.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To outline diagnostic approaches for acute arthritis.
    • To guide clinicians in differentiating causes of sudden joint pain.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of clinical presentation of acute arthritis.
    • Emphasis on history taking and physical examination findings.
    • Discussion of differential diagnoses for acute joint symptoms.

    Main Results:

    • Acute arthritis can stem from infection, crystal deposition, trauma, and systemic diseases.

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  • Systematic evaluation is crucial for accurate diagnosis.
  • Specific "do's and don'ts" for initial management are provided.

    • Conclusions:

    • Prompt and accurate diagnosis of acute arthritis is essential for effective management.
    • A thorough clinical assessment is key to identifying the underlying cause.
    • Early intervention based on correct diagnosis can prevent long-term joint damage.