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Related Concept Videos

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists01:27

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists

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5-HT3 receptor antagonists, such as dolasetron, granisetron (Kytril), ondansetron (Zofran), and palonosetron (Axoli), are crucial in managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and postoperative nausea. These drugs selectively block 5-HT3 receptors in the visceral vagal and spinal afferent nerves, chemoreceptor trigger zone, and the vomiting center. They have a rapid onset of action and can be given as a single dose before chemotherapy. Ondansetron and granisetron, in particular,...
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Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists01:28

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists

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Neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors are distributed across the GI tract, vagal afferents, and key CNS regions including the central vomiting center and chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) Chemotherapy agents stimulate enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to release large amounts of substance P (SP). SP is a neuropeptide released by specific sensory nerves in response to many different stressors, including those in the GI mucosa affected by chemotherapy.  SP binds and activates...
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Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists01:29

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists

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Dopamine receptor antagonists, also known as antipsychotic agents, are critical in managing chemotherapy-induced vomiting. These antiemetic agents block dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ), inhibiting signal transmission to the vomiting center. Antipsychotic agents encompass phenothiazines (PTZ), butyrophenones, benzamides, and thienobenzodiazepines (Zyprexa), which are utilized for their antiemetic and sedative properties.
Phenothiazines, such as prochlorperazine...
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Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Cannabinoids01:21

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Cannabinoids

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Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is a phytocannabinoid that primarily interacts with the CB1 receptor, a type of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) predominantly in and around the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) and emetic center. THC also blocks the serotonin receptor activity in the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) by inhibiting serotonin release. THC exerts its anti-emetic effects through these interactions, which are beneficial for patients undergoing chemotherapy.
Two synthetic agonists of THC,...
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Pathophysiology of Vomiting01:22

Pathophysiology of Vomiting

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Vomiting is a complex physiological response to expel harmful or irritating substances from the body. It's a defensive mechanism triggered by stimuli like poisons, microbial toxins, cytotoxic drugs, and mechanical abdominal distension. The process is centrally coordinated by the vomiting (or emetic) center located in the medulla of the brainstem. This area, rich in muscarinic M1, histamine H1, neurokinin 1 (NK1), and serotonin 5-HT3 receptors, coordinates the act of vomiting through...
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Cancer Therapies

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 17, 2026

Acupoint Application Combined with Acupressure as an Adjunctive Therapy for Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting
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Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.

Syed Bilgrami, Barbara G Fallon

    Postgraduate Medicine
    |December 12, 2017
    PubMed
    Summary

    Modern chemotherapy offers cancer palliation and cures but causes side effects. Antiemetic drugs, especially in combination, can effectively manage chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, improving patient tolerance.

    Area of Science:

    • Oncology
    • Pharmacology
    • Clinical Medicine

    Background:

    • Chemotherapy is a cornerstone of cancer treatment, offering palliation and potential cures.
    • Adverse reactions, particularly nausea and vomiting, significantly impact patient quality of life.
    • Patient refusal of chemotherapy due to side effect fears can limit treatment efficacy.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the role and efficacy of antiemetic drugs in managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV).
    • To highlight the benefits of combination antiemetic therapy for improved patient outcomes.
    • To provide clinicians with information on alleviating debilitating side effects of cancer treatment.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of antiemetic drug efficacy in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.

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  • Analysis of clinical data on the use of antiemetic medications.
  • Discussion of pharmacological mechanisms and combination strategies for CINV control.

    • Main Results:

    • Antiemetic drugs are frequently effective in alleviating nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy.
    • Combination therapy often yields superior results compared to monotherapy.
    • Improved management of CINV can enhance patient adherence to chemotherapy regimens.

    Conclusions:

    • Effective management of CINV is crucial for maintaining patient quality of life during cancer treatment.
    • Combination antiemetic regimens represent a key strategy for optimizing patient care.
    • Addressing side effects like nausea and vomiting can encourage patients to complete beneficial chemotherapy.