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Exercise testing in heart failure: a contemporary discussion in an era of novel diagnostic techniques and biomarkers
Kegan J Moneghetti1,2,3, Jeffrey W Christle2, Jonathan Myers2,4
1Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Palo Alto, California, USA.
Purpose Of Review:
The purpose of this review is to highlight recent advances in the field of exercise testing for patients with heart failure.
Recent Findings:
The importance of assessment of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and exercise testing in heart failure is highlighted in the consensus recommendation of the American Heart Association. Contemporary studies have validated the independent and incremental strength of CRF metrics in patients with heart failure and coronary artery disease. The use of respiratory gas analysis and imaging or hemodynamics during physical exercise is feasible and results in high prognostic utility across the continuum of heart failure. Understanding how CRF metrics complement existing and novel biomarkers and risk scores is an emerging subject of scientific inquiry.
Summary:
In the current era of personalized medicine, integrating CRF, imaging and circulating biomarkers will allow us to further develop individualized strategies for improving outcome in patients with heart failure.
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Exercise stress testing, commonly known as a treadmill test, is a noninvasive procedure used to evaluate cardiovascular function and diagnose heart conditions.
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An exercise stress test measures the heart's response to exertion using a treadmill or stationary bicycle. Chest electrodes record the heart's electrical activity through an ECG, and blood pressure is monitored regularly.
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