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Related Concept Videos

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint02:19

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint

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The spindle assembly checkpoint is a molecular surveillance mechanism ensuring the fidelity of chromosome segregation during anaphase. The checkpoint monitors the completion of all the prerequisite steps before chromosome segregation to determine whether the segregation process should proceed or be delayed.
Many proteins function together to control the spindle assembly checkpoint. Mutations affecting these proteins may allow cells to proceed into anaphase prematurely, resulting in the...
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Spindle Assembly02:50

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Spindle assembly occurs through three, often coexisting, pathways – the centrosome-mediated pathway, the chromatin-mediated pathway, and the microtubule-mediated pathway – collectively contributing to form a robust spindle apparatus.
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Separation of Sister Chromatids02:17

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At the transition from prophase to metaphase, there is a reduction in cohesion along the chromosomal arms, resulting in the resolution of sister chromatids. However, residual cohesin connections remain to hold the sister chromatids together until the transition from metaphase to anaphase. The residual connection prevents any premature separation of sister chromatids, blocking the risks of aneuploidy within the daughter cells.
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M-Cdk Drives Transition Into Mitosis02:15

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Checkpoints throughout the cell cycle serve as safeguards and gatekeepers, allowing the cell cycle to progress in favorable conditions and slow or halt it in problematic ones. This regulation is known as the cell cycle control system.
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Attachment of Sister Chromatids02:57

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As cells progress into mitosis, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and the condensed chromosomes are exposed to the array of bipolar microtubules of the mitotic spindle. The kinetochore, a large, disc-shaped protein complex, is present at the centromere region of the sister chromatids and acts as a binding site for the microtubules.  Usually, the plus-end of a single microtubule is embedded within the kinetochore. However, some kinetochores first establish lateral contact with the side-wall...
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Microtubules are hollow cylindrical filaments having a diameter of approximately 25 nm and a length that varies from 200 nm to 25 μm. GTP-bound tubulin subunits form αβ-heterodimers for microtubule assembly. These core building blocks interact longitudinally, polymerizing into protofilaments. The protofilaments then interact with one another through lateral bonding forces to form stable cylindrical microtubules. These cylindrical filaments are dynamic as they undergo repeated...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 17, 2026

Combining Mitotic Cell Synchronization and High Resolution Confocal Microscopy to Study the Role of Multifunctional Cell Cycle Proteins During Mitosis
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Combining Mitotic Cell Synchronization and High Resolution Confocal Microscopy to Study the Role of Multifunctional Cell Cycle Proteins During Mitosis

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PTEN regulates spindle assembly checkpoint timing through MAD1 in interphase.

Yu Liu1, Xiao Du1, Shuting Zhang1

  • 1Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.

Oncotarget
|December 13, 2017
PubMed
Summary

PTEN activates the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) timing, ensuring proper chromosome attachment. This PTEN/MAD1 signaling maintains SAC function and chromosome integrity during cell division.

Keywords:
MAD1PTENgenome stabilitymitosisspindle assembly checkpoint

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) is critical for accurate chromosome segregation during cell division.
  • While SAC regulation in mitosis is well-studied, its interphase control mechanisms remain largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of PTEN in regulating SAC timing and chromosome segregation.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which PTEN influences SAC function in interphase.

Main Methods:

  • Co-immunoprecipitation to detect protein-protein interactions.
  • Immunofluorescence microscopy to assess protein localization.
  • Analysis of chromosome segregation in PTEN-deficient cells under various conditions.

Main Results:

  • PTEN physically interacts with MAD1, promoting its dimerization and nuclear pore localization.
  • PTEN is essential for the formation of the mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC) during interphase.
  • PTEN deficiency compromises SAC function and chromosome segregation, even without spindle poisons.

Conclusions:

  • PTEN acts as a key activator of SAC timing.
  • PTEN/MAD1 signaling is vital for maintaining SAC function and ensuring chromosome integrity throughout the cell cycle.