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Related Concept Videos

Cellular Differentiation00:57

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How does a complex organism such as a human develop from a single cell? It all starts from a single fertilized egg which gives rise to a vast array of cell types, such as nerve cells, muscle cells, and epithelial cells that characterize the adult? Throughout development and adulthood, cellular differentiation leads cells to assume their final morphology and physiology. Differentiation is the process by which unspecialized cells become specialized to carry out distinct functions.
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Cell size is a significant factor impacting cellular design, function, and fitness. There exists some internal coordination by which cells double their masses before division, thus, achieving homeostasis. Coordination between cell growth and proliferation depends on the checkpoints in between cell cycle phases. Loss of coordination or failure in the checkpoint mechanism can drive the cell to uncontrolled growth and loss of cellular function. Like dividing cells that coordinate cellular growth,...
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Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells01:15

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Common myeloid progenitors (CMPs) are oligopotent cells that can differentiate into granulocytes and macrophages. Granulocytes and macrophages are essential for protecting the body against bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. They migrate from the bone marrow into the circulating blood to reach specific tissue sites where they differentiate and help in immune surveillance. However, they survive only for a few days and must be continuously made available to the organism to maintain a robust...
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The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
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The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...
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A stem cell is an unspecialized cell that can divide without limit as needed and can, under specific conditions, differentiate into specialized cells.
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Differentiation of Mouse Breast Epithelial HC11 and EpH4 Cells
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Criticality in cell differentiation.

Indrani Bose1, Mainak Pal

  • 1Department of Physics, Bose Institute, Kolkata 700 009, India, indrani@jcbose.ac.in.

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|December 13, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cell differentiation, a key biological process, may be a critical phenomenon. This review explores criticality signatures in blood cell differentiation dynamics in mice.

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Dynamical Systems Theory
  • Systems Biology

Background:

  • Cell differentiation involves progenitor cells making binary lineage decisions.
  • Differentiation dynamics exhibit both deterministic and stochastic elements.
  • Theoretical studies propose cell differentiation as a bifurcation phenomenon.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an introduction to the concept of criticality in cell differentiation.
  • To highlight the correspondence between criticality signatures and experimental observations.
  • To explore the role of bifurcation in cell fate decisions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of theoretical studies on dynamical systems and bifurcation.
  • Analysis of experimental data on blood cell differentiation in mice.
  • Comparison of theoretical criticality signatures with empirical observations.

Main Results:

  • Cell differentiation shares characteristics with critical points in dynamical systems.
  • Signatures of criticality include critical slowing down and rising variance.
  • Experimental data on mouse blood cell differentiation align with criticality predictions.

Conclusions:

  • Cell differentiation exhibits properties consistent with a critical phenomenon.
  • Criticality offers a framework for understanding cell fate decisions.
  • Further research can explore criticality in other biological differentiation processes.