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[Vaccination in advanced age].

H J Heppner1,2,3, A Leischker4, P Wutzler5

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Vaccination, or active immunization, uses weakened pathogens to build immunity. Passive immunization involves administering antibodies, offering immediate protection for those without existing immunity.

Keywords:
GeriatricsHerpes zosterImmunosenescenceInfluenza, humanStreptococcus pneumoniae

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Infectious diseases cause significant mortality, particularly in the elderly due to immune system aging.
  • Vaccination principles involve targeted immune system activation for disease prevention.
  • Understanding active and passive immunization is crucial for managing infectious threats.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explain the principles of active and passive immunization.
  • To highlight the risks and benefits associated with different vaccine types.
  • To review key vaccines recommended by the Standing Committee on Vaccination (STIKO).

Main Methods:

  • Distinction between active immunization (vaccination) and passive immunization (antibody administration).
  • Explanation of how attenuated or inactivated pathogens/antigens induce immunity.
  • Description of antibody application in passive immunization for immediate protection.

Main Results:

  • Active immunization (vaccination) leads to acquired immunity after a latency period.
  • Live vaccines carry a risk of infection, unlike inactivated or subunit vaccines.
  • Passive immunization provides immediate, albeit temporary, protection.

Conclusions:

  • Vaccination is a cornerstone of infectious disease prevention, especially for vulnerable populations.
  • STIKO recommendations guide the use of essential vaccines like influenza and pneumococcal.
  • Both active and passive immunization strategies play vital roles in public health.