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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 17, 2026

Mouse Models of Periventricular Leukomalacia
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Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.

Karl Bjørnar Alstadhaug, Kjell-Morten Myhr, Christine Hanssen Rinaldo

    Tidsskrift for Den Norske Laegeforening : Tidsskrift for Praktisk Medicin, Ny Raekke
    |December 13, 2017
    PubMed
    Summary

    Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare brain infection caused by the John Cunningham virus (JCV). While restoring immune function is key to survival, rapid immune recovery can be fatal due to inflammation.

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Immunology

    Background:

    • Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare, opportunistic central nervous system infection.
    • It is caused by the John Cunningham virus (JCV), a common virus that typically remains latent.

    Observation:

    • Currently, no effective antiviral treatments exist for PML.
    • The primary management strategy involves restoring the patient's immunocompetence.

    Findings:

    • Rapid restoration of immune function can paradoxically lead to a fatal inflammatory response, known as immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS).
    • This review synthesizes current knowledge on PML pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and management.

    Implications:

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    • Clinicians managing patients on immunomodulatory therapies must be aware of PML risks.
    • Careful monitoring and management of immune reconstitution are critical for improving PML patient outcomes.