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Related Concept Videos

Types of Selection01:46

Types of Selection

45.3K
Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
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Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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Dosage Compensation02:50

Dosage Compensation

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In animals, gender is determined by the number and type of sex chromosome. For example, human females have two X chromosomes, and males have one X and one Y chromosome, whereas C.elegans with one X chromosome is a male, and the one with two X chromosomes is a hermaphrodite.
In addition to sexual development, the X chromosome has genes involved in autosomal functions such as brain development and the immune system. Therefore, males and females with  distinct numbers of X chromosomes will...
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Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift01:09

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In a population that is not at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of alleles changes over time. Therefore, any deviations from the five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can alter the genetic variation of a given population. Conditions that change the genetic variability of a population include mutations, natural selection, non-random mating, gene flow, and genetic drift (small population size).
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Limits to Natural Selection01:38

Limits to Natural Selection

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Organisms that are well-adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. However, natural selection does not lead to perfectly adapted organisms. Several factors constrain natural selection.
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Natural Selection and Mating Preferences01:06

Natural Selection and Mating Preferences

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The principle of natural selection posits that organisms better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. This principle is closely intertwined with mating preferences, a key aspect of sexual selection, which evolutionary psychologists believe is driven by instincts to propagate one's genes. Such instincts significantly influence mating behaviors and preferences between genders.
Females, due to their biological roles in conception, pregnancy, and nursing,...
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Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations
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Balancing selection and trans-specific polymorphisms.

Baosheng Wang1, Thomas Mitchell-Olds2

  • 1Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Department of Biology, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Balancing selection preserves genetic diversity, crucial for evolution. A new study in Brassicaceae plants reveals its significant role in adaptation.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Population genetics

Background:

  • Balancing selection is a key evolutionary mechanism that maintains genetic variation within populations.
  • Genetic variation is essential for species to adapt to changing environments.

Discussion:

  • The study examined the prevalence and impact of balancing selection in two Brassicaceae species.
  • Findings underscore the importance of balancing selection for adaptive evolution in plants.

Key Insights:

  • Balancing selection actively maintains genetic diversity in the studied Brassicaceae species.
  • This diversity is vital for the species' ability to adapt to environmental pressures.

Outlook:

  • Further research can explore the specific genetic loci under balancing selection.
  • Understanding balancing selection can inform conservation strategies for plant populations.