Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Characteristics of Life01:23

Characteristics of Life

263.6K
Biology is a natural science that studies life and living organisms, including their structure, function, development, interactions, evolution, distribution, and taxonomy. The field's scope is extensive and divided into several specialized disciplines, such as anatomy, physiology, ethology, genetics, and many more. All living things share a few key traits, including cellular organization, heritable genetic material and the ability to adapt/evolve, metabolism to regulate energy needs, the...
263.6K
Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

8.2K
The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
8.2K
Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

3.7K
3.7K
Synthetic Biology02:55

Synthetic Biology

5.6K
Synthetic biology is an interdisciplinary science that involves using principles from disciplines such as engineering, molecular biology, cell biology, and systems biology. It involves remodeling existing organisms from nature or constructing completely new synthetic organisms for applications such as protein or enzyme production, bioremediation, value-added macromolecule production, and the addition of desirable traits to crops, to name a few.
Golden rice
Golden rice is a genetically modified...
5.6K
Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

4.6K
The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent...
4.6K
The Evidence for Evolution02:55

The Evidence for Evolution

48.5K
Genetic variations accumulating within populations over generations give rise to biological evolution. Evolutionary changes can result in the formation of novel varieties and entire new species. These changes are responsible for the diverse forms of life inhabiting the planet. The evidence for evolution suggests that all living organisms descended from common ancestors.
48.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Embedding EEG trajectories in a Möbius-like manifold: An exploratory study.

Neuroscience letters·2026
Same author

A Rare Oral Metastatic Lesion as the Initial Diagnosis of Small Cell Lung Cancer: Case Report and Systematic Review.

Journal of clinical medicine·2026
Same author

Optimal transport model for gas migration in the intestinal wall.

Biochimie·2026
Same author

Periodontitis and peripheral artery disease: a mini-review.

Frontiers in oral health·2026
Same author

Simulating tumor mitochondrial energetics through engineering-style energy metrics.

Bio Systems·2026
Same author

A Retrospective Observational Study on Oral Leukoplakia Patients Adhering to the Mediterranean Diet From Southern Italy.

International dental journal·2025
Same journal

Mathematical frameworks for left ventricular assist device therapy: Ventricular mechanics, blood rheology, haemodynamics, control, and nonlinear dynamics.

Progress in biophysics and molecular biology·2026
Same journal

Biological functions of BAF57, its role in disease pathogenesis, and treatment: From molecular mechanisms to clinical translation.

Progress in biophysics and molecular biology·2026
Same journal

Photonics-integrated and AI-enhanced medical sensing: From molecular diagnostics to real-time cell therapy monitoring.

Progress in biophysics and molecular biology·2026
Same journal

Uncovering the Biological Mechanisms of TREM2 with Molecular Simulations: A Comprehensive Review and Perspective.

Progress in biophysics and molecular biology·2026
Same journal

Advances in artificial joint testing driven by in situ mechanical characterization: From permeability of porous structures to dynamic wear monitoring.

Progress in biophysics and molecular biology·2026
Same journal

Proteostasis-driven redox adaptation in ferroptosis: the p62-Keap1-Nrf2 axis.

Progress in biophysics and molecular biology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 17, 2026

Resurrection of Dormant Daphnia magna: Protocol and Applications
07:37

Resurrection of Dormant Daphnia magna: Protocol and Applications

Published on: January 19, 2018

19.5K

A timeless biology.

Arturo Tozzi1, James F Peters2, Clifford Chafin3

  • 1Center for Nonlinear Science, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA.

Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology
|December 14, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Physical systems are bound by time, but living systems are time-independent. Local modifications temporarily defy entropy, with evolution acting as a gauge field over long timescales.

Keywords:
ConstraintsEvolutionGauge theoryInformational entropySymmetriesTime

More Related Videos

Using Microfluidic Devices to Measure Lifespan and Cellular Phenotypes in Single Budding Yeast Cells
09:18

Using Microfluidic Devices to Measure Lifespan and Cellular Phenotypes in Single Budding Yeast Cells

Published on: March 30, 2017

8.2K
A Suppressor Screen for the Characterization of Genetic Links Regulating Chronological Lifespan in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
10:39

A Suppressor Screen for the Characterization of Genetic Links Regulating Chronological Lifespan in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Published on: September 17, 2020

6.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 17, 2026

Resurrection of Dormant Daphnia magna: Protocol and Applications
07:37

Resurrection of Dormant Daphnia magna: Protocol and Applications

Published on: January 19, 2018

19.5K
Using Microfluidic Devices to Measure Lifespan and Cellular Phenotypes in Single Budding Yeast Cells
09:18

Using Microfluidic Devices to Measure Lifespan and Cellular Phenotypes in Single Budding Yeast Cells

Published on: March 30, 2017

8.2K
A Suppressor Screen for the Characterization of Genetic Links Regulating Chronological Lifespan in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
10:39

A Suppressor Screen for the Characterization of Genetic Links Regulating Chronological Lifespan in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Published on: September 17, 2020

6.8K

Area of Science:

  • Physics and Biology
  • Theoretical Biology
  • Thermodynamics

Background:

  • Traditional physics views physical systems as timeless and biological systems as time-dependent.
  • This study challenges conventional perspectives on the relationship between time and physical versus biological systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel physical gauge theory for biological systems operating over long timescales.
  • To re-evaluate the role of time in biological evolution by introducing concepts of "constraints" and "displacements".

Main Methods:

  • Developing a physical gauge theory framework for biological systems.
  • Analyzing the dynamics of physical and biological systems in relation to the arrow of time.
  • Applying concepts of symmetry and symmetry breaking to biological processes.

Main Results:

  • Physical systems' dynamics are constrained by the arrow of time, while living assemblies exhibit time independence.
  • Local "displacements" in biological systems can momentarily counteract the increase in entropy.
  • Over long evolutionary timescales, time functions as a gauge field, not a spacetime coordinate.

Conclusions:

  • Biological systems are fundamentally time-independent, with local modifications temporarily overriding thermodynamic laws.
  • The concept of a gauge field provides a new framework for understanding biological evolution.
  • Emphasis on "spatial" modifications in living beings is crucial for understanding evolution, distinct from the role of time.