JNK-signaling: A multiplexing hub in programmed cell death
Danny N Dhanasekaran1, E Premkumar Reddy2
1Department of Cell Biology, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK, USA.
Abstract:
Jun N-terminal kinases or JNKs have been shown to be involved in a wide array of signaling events underlying tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Through its interaction with a diverse set of signaling proteins and adaptors, JNKs regulate cell proliferation, invasive migration, therapy resistance, and programmed cell death. JNKs have been shown to play a role in apoptotic as well as non-apoptotic programmed cell death mechanisms including those of necroptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and autophagy. Most of the tumorigenic regulatory functions of JNKs can be related to their ability to module cell death via these programmed cell death mechanisms. JNKs stimulate or inhibit cell death in a context-dependent manner by stimulating the expression of specific genes as well as by modulating the activities of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins through distinct phosphorylation events. This review summarizes our current understanding of the role of JNK in programmed cell death and its impact on cancer growth, progression, and therapy.
Insights
Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) regulate cancer progression by controlling cell death pathways. Understanding JNK
Area of Science:
- Molecular Biology
- Cancer Biology
- Cell Signaling
Background:
- Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) are critical regulators in diverse signaling pathways implicated in cancer.
- JNK signaling influences key cancer hallmarks including proliferation, migration, therapy resistance, and cell death.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the multifaceted roles of JNK signaling in programmed cell death.
- To elucidate the impact of JNK-mediated cell death modulation on cancer growth, progression, and therapeutic responses.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies investigating JNK signaling pathways.
- Analysis of JNK's involvement in various programmed cell death mechanisms (apoptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, autophagy).
- Examination of JNK's regulatory mechanisms, including gene expression and protein phosphorylation.
Main Results:
- JNKs regulate both apoptotic and non-apoptotic programmed cell death.
- JNKs exert context-dependent control over cell death, either promoting or inhibiting it.
- JNK activity impacts cancer progression through modulation of cell death pathways.
Conclusions:
- JNK signaling is a key determinant of cancer cell fate.
- Targeting JNK pathways offers potential therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment.
- Further research into JNK's role in diverse cell death mechanisms is crucial for cancer therapy.
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