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Related Concept Videos

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

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Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
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MAPK Signaling Cascades01:07

MAPK Signaling Cascades

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Mitogen-activated protein kinase, or MAPK pathway, activates three sequential kinases to regulate cellular responses such as proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis. The canonical MAPK pathway starts with a mitogen or growth factor binding to an RTK. The activated RTKs stimulate Ras, which recruits Raf or MAP3 Kinase (MAPKKK), the first kinase of the MAPK signaling cascade. Raf further phosphorylates and activates MEK or MAP2 Kinases (MAPKK), which in turn phosphorylates MAP...
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The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:17

The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

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The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated when extracellular death-inducing signals, such as specific cytokines, activate the death receptors expressed on the cell surface. The immune cells involved in this pathway are natural killer cells (NK cells) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. NK cells are critical in innate immune response, while cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are associated with adaptive immune response. These cells recognize specific receptors expressed on the altered cells and activate...
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The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway01:20

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway

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Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...
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Notch Signaling Pathway03:14

Notch Signaling Pathway

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The Notch signaling pathway is a major intracellular signaling pathway that is highly conserved over a broad spectrum of metazoan species. It stands unique from other intracellular signaling mechanisms in animals because notch protein itself acts as the receptor as well as the primary signaling molecule.
The Notch gene came into the limelight in 1914 after the discovery that its mutation in Drosophila melanogaster leads to a serrated (or "notched") wing margin phenotype. It was not...
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Diversity in Cell Signaling Responses01:22

Diversity in Cell Signaling Responses

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The physiological function of a cell and cellular communication are outcomes of a range of extrinsic signals, intracellular signaling pathways, and cellular responses. No two cell types express the same repertoire of signaling components. Receptors are highly selective for their cognate ligands, but once activated, they can alter multiple cellular processes such as DNA transcription, protein synthesis, and metabolic activity. 
Graded and Abrupt Responses
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 17, 2026

Identification of Intracellular Signaling Events Induced in Viable Cells by Interaction with Neighboring Cells Undergoing Apoptotic Cell Death
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Identification of Intracellular Signaling Events Induced in Viable Cells by Interaction with Neighboring Cells Undergoing Apoptotic Cell Death

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JNK-signaling: A multiplexing hub in programmed cell death.

Danny N Dhanasekaran1, E Premkumar Reddy2

  • 1Department of Cell Biology, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK, USA.

Genes & Cancer
|December 14, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) regulate cancer progression by controlling cell death pathways. Understanding JNK

Keywords:
JNKapoptosiscell deathferroptosisnecroptosis

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Use of LysoTracker to Detect Programmed Cell Death in Embryos and Differentiating Embryonic Stem Cells
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Biology
  • Cell Signaling

Background:

  • Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) are critical regulators in diverse signaling pathways implicated in cancer.
  • JNK signaling influences key cancer hallmarks including proliferation, migration, therapy resistance, and cell death.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted roles of JNK signaling in programmed cell death.
  • To elucidate the impact of JNK-mediated cell death modulation on cancer growth, progression, and therapeutic responses.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating JNK signaling pathways.
  • Analysis of JNK's involvement in various programmed cell death mechanisms (apoptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, autophagy).
  • Examination of JNK's regulatory mechanisms, including gene expression and protein phosphorylation.

Main Results:

  • JNKs regulate both apoptotic and non-apoptotic programmed cell death.
  • JNKs exert context-dependent control over cell death, either promoting or inhibiting it.
  • JNK activity impacts cancer progression through modulation of cell death pathways.

Conclusions:

  • JNK signaling is a key determinant of cancer cell fate.
  • Targeting JNK pathways offers potential therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment.
  • Further research into JNK's role in diverse cell death mechanisms is crucial for cancer therapy.