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Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides

Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides

Sulfides are the sulfur analog of ethers, just as thiols are the sulfur analog of alcohol. Like ethers, sulfides also consist of two hydrocarbon groups bonded to the central sulfur atom. Depending upon the type of groups present, sulfides can be symmetrical or asymmetrical. Symmetrical sulfides can be prepared via an SN2 reaction between 2 equivalents of an alkyl halide and one equivalent of sodium sulfide.

Sulfur Assimilation

Sulfur Assimilation

Sulfur is an essential element in biological systems, contributing to synthesizing key biomolecules, including amino acids such as cysteine and methionine, and cofactors such as coenzyme A and biotin. Microorganisms primarily assimilate sulfur as sulfate (SO₄²⁻) from the environment, which must undergo a series of biochemical transformations before it can be incorporated into cellular components. As sulfate is highly oxidized, it must undergo assimilatory sulfate reduction to...

Preparation and Reactions of Thiols

Preparation and Reactions of Thiols

Thiols are prepared using the hydrosulfide anion as a nucleophile in a nucleophilic substitution reaction with alkyl halides. For instance, bromobutane reacts with sodium hydrosulfide to give butanethiol.

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Sulfonation of Benzene

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Sulfonation of Benzene

Sulfonation of benzene is a reaction wherein benzene is treated with fuming sulfuric acid at room temperature to produce benzenesulfonic acid. Fuming sulfuric acid is a mixture of sulfur trioxide and concentrated sulfuric acid.

Structure and Nomenclature of Thiols and Sulfides

Structure and Nomenclature of Thiols and Sulfides

Thiols and sulfides are sulfur analogs of alcohols and ethers, respectively, where the sulfur atom takes the place of the oxygen atom. Thus, thiols are generally represented as RSH, where R is an alkyl substituent and —SH is the functional group. On the other hand, in sulfides, the central sulfur atom is bonded to two hydrocarbon groups on either side. Depending upon the type of group, sulfides can be either symmetrical or asymmetrical. Both thiols and sulfides display a bent geometry,...

Oxidation of Alcohols

Oxidation of Alcohols

In this lesson, the oxidation of alcohols is discussed in depth. The various reagents used for oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols are detailed, and their mechanism of action is provided.
The process of oxidation in a chemical reaction is observed in any of the three forms:

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Synthesis of Terpolymers at Mild Temperatures Using Dynamic Sulfur Bonds in PolyS-Divinylbenzene

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Esterase Sensitive Self-Immolative Sulfur Dioxide Donors.

Kundansingh A Pardeshi¹, Govindan Ravikumar¹, Harinath Chakrapani¹

¹Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune , Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411 008, Maharashtra, India.

Organic Letters

|December 14, 2017

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed new compounds that release sulfur dioxide (SO2) when triggered by esterase enzymes. These self-immolating sulfonates offer a novel tool for studying SO2 biology and developing new gas-releasing systems.

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Area of Science:

Chemical Biology
Biomedical Engineering
Environmental Science

Background:

Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is a gaseous pollutant with emerging biological roles.
Studying SO2 in biological systems is challenging due to its gaseous nature and reactivity.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop novel cell-permeable compounds that can release SO2 in a controlled manner.
To create tools for investigating the biological functions of SO2.
To establish a platform for developing new stimuli-responsive SO2 donors.

Main Methods:

Synthesis of a series of esterase-sensitive sulfonate compounds.
Demonstration of self-immolation mechanism leading to SO2 release.
Assessment of cell permeability of the synthesized compounds.

Main Results:

Successfully synthesized cell-permeable sulfonates that release SO2.
The compounds undergo a self-immolation cascade upon esterase activation.
The developed compounds serve as a platform for stimuli-responsive SO2 delivery.

Conclusions:

The novel sulfonates provide a valuable tool for the study of SO2 biology.
These compounds facilitate the development of new methods for controlled SO2 release in biological contexts.