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Related Concept Videos

Cohesins02:20

Cohesins

5.7K
Cohesin protein complexes are a molecular glue that holds two sister chromatids together. They play an important role both in mitosis and meiosis. In mitosis, all cohesin complexes present on the chromosomes are removed before the start of the anaphase stage.
Cohesin complexes in Meiotic Division
Meiosis involves two distinct rounds of chromosomal segregation and cell divisions— Meiosis I followed by Meiosis II – producing four daughter cells. Meiosis I includes the separation of...
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Separation of Sister Chromatids02:17

Separation of Sister Chromatids

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At the transition from prophase to metaphase, there is a reduction in cohesion along the chromosomal arms, resulting in the resolution of sister chromatids. However, residual cohesin connections remain to hold the sister chromatids together until the transition from metaphase to anaphase. The residual connection prevents any premature separation of sister chromatids, blocking the risks of aneuploidy within the daughter cells.
At the onset of anaphase, separase, a proteolytic enzyme, is...
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Condensins02:15

Condensins

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Condensins are large protein complexes that use ATP to fuel the assembly of chromosomes during mitosis. They transform the tangled, shapeless mass of post-interphase DNA into individualized chromosomes by compacting, organizing, and segregating chromosomal DNA.
The plant and animal cells contain two types of condensin complexes—condensin I and condensin II. Both complexes have five subunits: two SMC (Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes) subunits, a kleisin subunit, and two HEAT-repeat...
4.7K
Anaphase Promoting Complex00:50

Anaphase Promoting Complex

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The stepwise destruction of specific proteins is necessary for the progression and completion of the cell cycle. Such proteins are ubiquitinated by ubiquitin ligases and then subsequently destroyed by the proteasome. The SCF (Skp1/Cullin/F-box) and the anaphase-promoting complex (APC) are two important ubiquitin ligases involved in cell cycle progression. While SCF is active throughout the cell cycle, APC gets activated during metaphase to anaphase transition. Cdc20 or Cdh1 binds to APC and...
3.5K
The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint02:19

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint

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The spindle assembly checkpoint is a molecular surveillance mechanism ensuring the fidelity of chromosome segregation during anaphase. The checkpoint monitors the completion of all the prerequisite steps before chromosome segregation to determine whether the segregation process should proceed or be delayed.
Many proteins function together to control the spindle assembly checkpoint. Mutations affecting these proteins may allow cells to proceed into anaphase prematurely, resulting in the...
3.9K
Anaphase A and B01:39

Anaphase A and B

5.6K
Microtubules form through the end-to-end polymerization of tubulin heterodimers. Kinetochore microtubules originate from the spindle poles, and their plus-ends connect with the kinetochores on sister-chromatids. Ndc80 protein complexes, present on the kinetochore, form low-affinity links with the plus end of these kinetochore microtubules.
Plus-end depolymerization releases tubulin heterodimers from the terminal region of the microtubule. As tubulin subunits are lost, the Ndc80 complexes detach...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 17, 2026

Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization FISH to Monitor the State of Arm Cohesion in Prometaphase and Metaphase I Drosophila Oocytes
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Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization FISH to Monitor the State of Arm Cohesion in Prometaphase and Metaphase I Drosophila Oocytes

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Liberating cohesin from cohesion.

Kerry Bloom1

  • 1Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.

Genes & Development
|December 15, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cohesin, a protein complex crucial for holding sister chromatids together, also plays a key role in chromosome organization and dynamics. Further research is needed to understand how these ring complexes are regulated and interact with chromatin.

Keywords:
ESCO1/2centromerechromatin territorieschromosome segregationcohesin acetyltransferasessister chromatid cohesion

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Cohesin is a protein complex primarily known for its role in sister chromatid cohesion.
  • Cohesin belongs to the structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) protein family.
  • Understanding cohesin's function is vital for comprehending chromosome dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the broader roles of cohesin beyond sister chromatid cohesion.
  • To investigate the contribution of cohesin and other SMC proteins to chromosome organization and dynamics.
  • To examine the regulatory mechanisms and chromatin interactions of cohesin complexes.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of cohesin and SMC protein family members.
  • Investigation of cohesin regulators.
  • Studies on the interaction between cohesin complexes and chromatin substrates.

Main Results:

  • Cohesin and related SMC proteins are involved in chromosome organization and dynamics throughout the cell cycle.
  • The regulation of these ring complexes is a critical area of study.
  • Cohesin's interaction with its dynamic chromatin substrate requires further investigation.

Conclusions:

  • Cohesin's function extends to overall chromosome organization and dynamics.
  • Future research should focus on the regulation and chromatin interactions of cohesin.
  • A comprehensive understanding of cohesin is essential for cell cycle progression.