Current Progress and Controversies in Prostate Cancer Management.

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Urology

Background:

• Prostate cancer (PCa) management strategies are continuously evolving.
• Optimal diagnostic and therapeutic approaches remain subjects of ongoing debate and research.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review current progress and controversies in prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.
• To identify areas requiring further investigation for improved PCa management.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review of recently published articles up to July 2017.
• Literature search using keywords: "prostate cancer," "progress," "controversy," "immunotherapy," and "prevention."

Main Results:

• Serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening is recommended for early PCa diagnosis in high-risk groups, though its value remains controversial.
• Active surveillance is proposed for low-risk PCa, requiring further clinical validation.
• Minimally invasive surgical techniques and radiotherapy are established treatments, while immunotherapy shows potential for altering the tumor microenvironment. Prevention strategies are crucial.

Conclusions:

• Prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis, treatment, and prevention are multifaceted challenges.
• Further research is essential to refine management strategies and improve patient outcomes.