Influences of biotin deficiency and dietary trans-fatty acids on tissue lipids in chickens

1. The combined effects of feeding hydrogenated fats and varying the levels of biotin and linoleate (18:2 omega 6) on polyunsaturated fatty acids were studied in the chicken. 2. Biotin deficiency signs were not exacerbated by feeding hydrogenated fats or by diets low in linoleate for 21 d. 3. Biotin deficiency resulted in proportionately higher levels of 18:2 omega 6 and gamma-linolenate (18:3 omega 6) in liver triglycerides, and lower levels of dihomo-gamma-linolenate (20:3 omega 6) in liver and heart phospholipids irrespective of the 18:2 omega 6 level in the diet. 4. Biotin deficiency did not alter arachidonate (20:4 omega 6) levels in tissue lipids at 21 d. 5. Feeding high levels of trans-18:1 isomers with adequate biotin led to reduced 20:3 omega 6 and 20:4 omega 6 levels in liver and heart phospholipids with compensatory increases in omega 3 fatty acids. 6. The trans-isomers of 18:1 were incorporated into several tissues of the chick. Incorporation was dependent on the levels fed. Very small amounts were incorporated into brain compared with other tissues when dietary trans-isomer levels were high, but were similar when dietary trans-isomer levels were low. The trans-18:1 isomers appear to be preferentially incorporated into phospholipids as opposed to triglycerides in heart and liver.