Nursing Clinical Information System
Nursing Evaluation
Formulating and Validating Nursing Diagnosis II
Nursing Implementation
Nursing Interventions II: Selecting and Classifying the Nursing Interventions
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Updated: Feb 16, 2026

Qualitative and Quantitative Validation of Tools with Rating Scales Aimed at Assessing the Quality of University Service-Learning
Published on: August 29, 2025
Miriam Bender1, Alice Avolio, Patricia Baker
1Sue & Bill Gross School of Nursing, University of California, Irvine (Dr Bender); VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon (Dr Avolio); UT Health School of Nursing, San Antonio, Texas (Ms Baker); University of South Alabama, Mobile (Dr Harris); St Lucie Medical Center, Port St Lucie, Florida (Ms Hilton); Evaluation and Assessment Unit, Department of Health Care Organization and Policy, The University of Alabama at Birmingham (Dr Hites); University of Alabama, Birmingham (Dr Roussel); Maine Medical Center, Portland (Ms Shirley); Kirkhoff College of Nursing, Cook-DeVos Center for Health Sciences, Grand Rapids, Michigan (Dr Thomas); and Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple (Dr Williams).
This study developed and validated the Clinical Nurse Leader (CNL) Practice Survey. This tool measures CNL roles to link practice to improved patient quality and safety outcomes.
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