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Valence Bond Theory

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...

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Updated: Feb 16, 2026

The Synthesis of [Sn10SiSiMe334]2- Using a Metastable SnI Halide Solution Synthesized via a Co-condensation Technique

The Synthesis of [Sn10SiSiMe334]2- Using a Metastable SnI Halide Solution Synthesized via a Co-condensation Technique

Published on: November 28, 2016

Labile Low-Valent Tin Azides: Syntheses, Structural Characterization, and Thermal Properties.

Rory Campbell¹, Sumit Konar², Steven Hunter²

¹Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield , Brook Hill, Sheffield, S3 7HF, U.K.

Inorganic Chemistry

|December 16, 2017

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers synthesized novel, stable low-valent tin azido complexes. These compounds, including Sn(N₃)₂(L)₂ and {C(NH₂)₃}Sn(N₃)₃, show potential for safe energetic materials due to their stability and high nitrogen content.

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Synthesis of Bimetallic Pt/Sn-based Nanoparticles in Ionic Liquids

Synthesis of Bimetallic Pt/Sn-based Nanoparticles in Ionic Liquids

Published on: August 23, 2018

Area of Science:

Inorganic Chemistry
Materials Science
Coordination Chemistry

Background:

Tetracoordinate low-valent, mixed-ligand tin azido complexes are not well-established.
Conventional synthesis of related energetic materials often requires bulky, weakly coordinating cations for stability.
Understanding the structural and stability properties of novel azido complexes is crucial for developing new energetic materials.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize and characterize new tetracoordinate low-valent, mixed-ligand tin azido complexes.
To investigate the stability and structural properties of these novel tin azido compounds.
To explore efficient synthetic routes for these complexes and their potential as energetic materials.

Main Methods:

Synthesis of tin azido complexes via reactions of tin(II) halides (SnCl₂, SnF₂) with azide sources (NaN₃, Me₃SiN₃) in the presence of pyridine or 4-picoline ligands.
Characterization using spectroscopic techniques (e.g., XRD) and crystallographic analysis.
Computational analysis using DFT-D calculations for structural validation.

Main Results:

Successful synthesis of two new tin azido complexes, Sn(N₃)₂(L)₂ (L=py, pic), which are shock- and friction-insensitive and stable at room temperature.
Development of a fast and efficient method for preparing Sn(N₃)₂ (1) in microcrystalline form.
Formation of a salt-like compound, {C(NH₂)₃}Sn(N₃)₃ (4), with high nitrogen content (55%) and comparable stability without bulky cations.
Structural elucidation of Sn(N₃)₂ (1) as a lighter binary azide homologue of Pb(N₃)₂, revealing insights into azide-based H-bonded networks.

Conclusions:

Novel, stable, low-valent tin azido complexes can be synthesized efficiently.
These complexes, particularly those with high nitrogen content, exhibit promising stability characteristics for potential energetic material applications.
The study provides valuable structural and synthetic insights into tin-azide chemistry and H-bonded networks in polyazides.