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A systematic review of validated sinus surgery simulators.

B Stew¹, S S-T Kao¹, N Dharmawardana¹

¹ENT Head and Neck Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, SA, Australia.

Clinical Otolaryngology : Official Journal of ENT-UK ; Official Journal of Netherlands Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology & Cervico-Facial Surgery

|December 17, 2017

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This review found that several endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) simulators are validated for training. However, inconsistent reporting of validation methods hinders direct comparison of simulator effectiveness.

Area of Science:

Medical Education
Surgical Simulation
Otolaryngology

Background:

Simulation is crucial for developing surgical skills safely and effectively.
Various endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) simulators exist, but their training utility depends on validation.
Validated simulators enhance the efficacy of surgical training programs.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically review the literature for evidence on validated ESS simulators.
To analyze the types of validation (face, content, construct, discriminant, predictive) applied to ESS simulators.

Main Methods:

A systematic literature search was conducted across major databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, CINAHL) up to January 2017.
12,516 articles were initially retrieved; 38 full-text articles were reviewed after screening and duplicate removal.

Keywords:

simulator sinus surgery validation

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Data on face, content, construct, discriminant, and predictive validity were extracted for included simulators.

Main Results:

Twenty articles described 12 ESS simulators, with 11 undergoing some form of validation.
Validated simulators included 3 virtual reality, 7 physical bench models, and 1 cadaveric model.
Seven simulators demonstrated face validity, 7 had construct validity, and 1 had predictive validity; none showed discriminant validity.

Conclusions:

Multiple ESS simulators have demonstrated comprehensive validation, supporting their use in surgical training.
A lack of standardized outcome reporting in validation studies limits comparative analysis and meta-analysis.
Further standardization is needed to effectively compare the efficacy of different ESS simulation platforms.