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Related Concept Videos

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Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
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The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
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Visualization of Cortical Modules in Flattened Mammalian Cortices
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Functional connectivity based parcellation of early visual cortices.

Bo-Yong Park1,2, Kyeong-Jin Tark2, Won Mok Shim2,3

  • 1Department of Electronic, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea.

Human Brain Mapping
|December 19, 2017
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Summary

Researchers divided the primary and secondary visual cortices (V1 and V2) into subregions using functional connectivity. These subregions correspond to distinct visual field representations and connect to different visual processing streams.

Keywords:
dorsal and ventral streamsfunctional connectivityparcellationperipheral and foveal visual field representationsresting-state fMRIvisual cortex

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • The human brain is organized into distinct regions with specialized functions.
  • Resting-state functional connectivity is a valuable tool for mapping brain organization.
  • The primary (V1) and secondary (V2) visual cortices are crucial for visual processing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To parcellate the V1 and V2 into subregions using functional connectivity.
  • To investigate the functional roles of these V1 and V2 subregions.
  • To relate subregion connectivity to visual field representations and processing streams.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized resting-state functional connectivity data from a research database and local site.
  • Employed K-means, Gaussian mixture model, and Ward's clustering algorithms for parcellation.
  • Compared parcellation results with retinotopic mapping data (eccentricity).
  • Analyzed functional correlations between V1/V2 subregions and higher-order visual areas.

Main Results:

  • Parcellation boundaries within V1 and V2 aligned with the parafovea, separating peripheral (anterior) and central (posterior) visual field representations.
  • Anterior V1/V2 subregions showed strong connectivity with dorsal stream areas (V3A, inferior parietal gyrus).
  • Posterior V1/V2 subregions exhibited strong connections with ventral stream areas (V4v, inferior temporal gyrus).

Conclusions:

  • Functional connectivity effectively parcellates V1 and V2 into distinct subregions.
  • These subregions demonstrate differential functional specialization, linked to visual field location.
  • Findings support a functional organization within V1 and V2, connecting to specific visual processing pathways.