HIV and the menopause: A review

Area of Science:

• Reproductive Health
• Infectious Diseases
• Endocrinology

Background:

• Effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) has increased life expectancy for people with HIV.
• A growing proportion of women with HIV are now in perimenopausal and postmenopausal age groups.
• Healthcare providers often lack experience or perceive complexity in managing menopause for women with HIV.

Purpose of the Study:

• To highlight the challenges women with HIV face during menopause.
• To address the paucity of data and conflicting information regarding menopause in this population.
• To emphasize the need for tailored management strategies and improved access to care.

Main Methods:

• Review of current literature on menopause in women with HIV.
• Analysis of unique considerations for this population, including ART interactions and comorbidities.
• Discussion of current underutilization of menopause hormone therapy (MHT).

Main Results:

• Women with HIV experience menopause, but often lack adequate care and support.
• Conflicting data exists regarding age of menopause onset and symptoms in women with HIV.
• Menopause hormone therapy is likely underutilized due to concerns about drug interactions and general fears.

Conclusions:

• Women with HIV require comprehensive information on menopause symptoms, lifestyle modifications, and treatment options, including MHT.
• A holistic approach is essential, addressing physical health, mental health, and potential ART interactions.
• Improved education for healthcare providers and further research are crucial for optimal menopause management in women with HIV.