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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 16, 2026

A Protocol for Real-time 3D Single Particle Tracking
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4D tracking with ultra-fast silicon detectors.

Hartmut F-W Sadrozinski1, Abraham Seiden, Nicolò Cartiglia

  • 1SCIPP, UC Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, United States of America.

Reports on Progress in Physics. Physical Society (Great Britain)
|December 19, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Researchers have enhanced silicon detectors by adding controlled low gain for precise timing measurements. This advancement enables 4D tracking, improving particle physics experiments and other scientific applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Particle Physics
  • Detector Technology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Silicon detectors have evolved significantly, from few-channel systems to millions of pixels for charged particle tracking.
  • These detectors are now ubiquitous in research and high-tech applications, including portable electronics and medical imaging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a new direction in silicon detector evolution for charge particle tracking.
  • To incorporate highly accurate timing information into silicon detector technology.
  • To enable 4D tracking by enhancing detector response.

Main Methods:

  • Introducing controlled low gain into the detector response to increase signal output.
  • Defining necessary conditions for sensor and readout electronics to achieve 4D tracking.

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  • Conducting experimental validation of the proposed technology.

    • Main Results:

    • Demonstrated the feasibility of incorporating timing measurement capabilities into silicon detectors.
    • Established the requirements for sensor and readout electronics for 4D tracking.
    • Experimental results validate the research approach for enhanced particle tracking.

    Conclusions:

    • The inclusion of controlled low gain in silicon detectors enables precise timing measurements.
    • This enhancement facilitates 4D tracking, advancing particle physics and other scientific fields.
    • The developed technology shows significant promise for future detector applications.