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Integrating Sub-3 nm Plasmonic Gaps into Solid-State Nanopores.

Xin Shi1,2, Daniel Verschueren1, Sergii Pud1

  • 1Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629, HZ, Delft, The Netherlands.

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Researchers developed a novel method to create plasmonic nanopores with sub-nanometer gaps for enhanced single-molecule sensing. This breakthrough enables sensitive optical detection and manipulation of molecules using surface plasmon resonances.

Keywords:
bowtie antennananofabricationsingle-molecule sensingsolid-state nanopore

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Optics
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Plasmonic nanopores integrate surface plasmon resonances with nanopore sensing.
  • Ultrasmall nanogaps in metallic nanoantennas create enhanced electromagnetic fields for sensing.
  • Fabrication challenges hinder the integration of nanogaps into nanopores.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a top-down fabrication method for integrating plasmonic antennas with ultrasmall nanogaps into solid-state nanopores.
  • To demonstrate reproducible fabrication of sub-1 nm nanogaps.
  • To show the functionality of these plasmonic nanopores for single-molecule detection.

Main Methods:

  • A two-step electron-beam lithography process was employed for nanogap fabrication.
  • Focused-electron-beam sculpting in a transmission electron microscope was used to create nanopores within the nanogaps.
  • DNA translocation experiments were performed to test device functionality.

Main Results:

  • Reproducible fabrication of nanogaps down to sub-1 nm scale was achieved.
  • Sub-3 nm nanogaps were successfully integrated onto solid-state nanopores.
  • The plasmonic nanopores demonstrated functionality for single-molecule detection via DNA translocations.

Conclusions:

  • The developed method enables the fabrication of plasmonic nanopores with ultrasmall nanogaps.
  • These integrated devices generate intense electromagnetic fields at the nanopore entrance.
  • Potential applications include nanopore-based single-molecule trapping and advanced optical sensing.