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Implementing Resistance Training in Secondary Schools: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial.

Sarah G Kennedy1, Jordan J Smith1, Philip J Morgan1

  • 1Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Education, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, AUSTRALIA.

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Summary

A school-based resistance training (RT) program improved adolescent upper body muscular fitness and skill competency immediately and long-term. This intervention offers a scalable approach for secondary schools to enhance youth physical health.

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise Science
  • Adolescent Health
  • Public Health Interventions

Background:

  • Current guidelines recommend muscle-strengthening activities for young people at least 3 days per week.
  • Adolescence is a critical period for developing lifelong healthy habits, including physical activity.
  • Implementing effective resistance training (RT) programs in schools can address physical activity deficits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of a school-based intervention focused on resistance training (RT) for adolescents.
  • To determine the effectiveness of the "Resistance Training for Teens" program on muscular fitness and other health-related outcomes.
  • To assess the sustainability of intervention effects over time.

Main Methods:

  • A cluster-randomized controlled trial involving 607 adolescents (aged 14.1 ± 0.5 years) from 16 secondary schools.
  • Intervention delivery involved trained teachers, student seminars, structured RT programs, lunchtime fitness sessions, and web-based apps.
  • Primary outcome was muscular fitness (MF); secondary outcomes included BMI, RT skill competency, flexibility, physical activity, self-efficacy, and motivation, assessed at baseline, 6, and 12 months.

Main Results:

  • Significant improvements in upper body muscular fitness (MF) were observed at 6 months (2.0 repetitions) and sustained at 12 months.
  • The intervention also led to improvements in RT skill competency and self-efficacy at 6 months, with RT skill competency sustained at 12 months.
  • A significant reduction in BMI was noted at 12 months for overweight/obese students (-0.55 kg·m).

Conclusions:

  • The school-based resistance training intervention effectively improved upper body muscular fitness and RT skill competency in adolescents.
  • The program demonstrated immediate and sustained benefits, highlighting its potential for long-term impact.
  • This intervention represents a scalable and effective strategy for integrating RT into secondary school settings to promote youth physical activity.