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Related Concept Videos

Apoptosis01:30

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a combination of two Greek words, 'apo' and 'ptosis,' meaning separation and falling off, respectively. Hippocrates used this word to describe gangrene, which was caused due to bandaging of fractured bones. Apoptosis was distinguished from necrosis in 1970 when John Kerr reported observations of morphological changes occurring during apoptosis. During one experiment, he observed that the disruption of blood supply to the liver tissue resulted in a size...
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The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:31

The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

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Internal cellular stress, such as cellular injury or hypoxia, triggers intrinsic apoptosis. The B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins are the primary regulators of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. For example, during DNA damage, checkpoint proteins, such as Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM protein) and Checkpoints Factor-2 (Chk2) proteins, are activated. These proteins phosphorylate p53 which further activates pro-apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, Bak, PUMA, and Noxa, and inhibits...
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Liver Regeneration01:24

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The liver is an important organ in vertebrates that plays an essential role in metabolism. It is also responsible for storing and redistributing nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins in the body. Additionally, the liver releases bile salts which are critical for digesting food and eliminating toxic metabolites from the body.
Cells of Liver
The liver comprises four major types of cells— hepatocytes, stellate, Kupffer, and sinusoidal endothelial cells. The hepatocytes are...
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Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells01:17

Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells

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Cells undergoing apoptosis form apoptotic bodies that must be removed immediately to prevent inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and necrosis. Phagocytosis is carried out by professional phagocytes such as macrophages or  immature dendritic cells. Non-professional phagocytes such as  epithelial cells and fibroblasts also take part in this process; however, they are not as effective as professional phagocytes. 
Normal cells contain receptors that prevent them from being recognized...
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Overview of Cell Death01:30

Overview of Cell Death

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Cell death is an essential process where the body gets rid of old or damaged cells. Cell proliferation and death need to be balanced, as an imbalance between the two may lead to cancer or autoimmune diseases.
Cell death was observed in the early 19th century, but there was no experimental evidence to prove it. In 1842, Carl Vogt first discovered cell death in a metamorphic toad; however, it was not termed ‘cell death.’ Scientists discovered different cell death pathways only in the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 16, 2026

Drug-Induced Senescence in Liver Cells Promotes M2 Macrophage Polarization: Implications for Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor-Associated Hepatotoxicity
09:32

Drug-Induced Senescence in Liver Cells Promotes M2 Macrophage Polarization: Implications for Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor-Associated Hepatotoxicity

Published on: October 17, 2025

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Apoptosis in the aging liver.

Hua-Hua Zhong1, Shao-Jie Hu1, Bo Yu1

  • 1Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China.

Oncotarget
|December 20, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Liver aging increases apoptosis, impacting liver function and disease outcomes. Understanding aging-related apoptosis mechanisms is crucial for mitigating liver damage and improving health.

Keywords:
agingapoptosisgenomic instabilityliveroxidative stress

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Gerontology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Liver aging impairs hepatic function and worsens outcomes for liver diseases like NAFLD, hepatitis C, and liver cancer.
  • Aging livers experience increased apoptosis, a process vital for regeneration, fibrosis, and cancer prevention.
  • Dysregulated apoptosis in aging livers contributes to disease progression and poor surgical outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the primary mechanisms driving apoptosis during liver aging.
  • To highlight the role of apoptosis in age-related liver dysfunction and disease.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of existing literature on liver aging and apoptosis.
  • Focus on key contributing factors: oxidative stress, genomic instability, lipotoxicity, ER stress, nutrient sensing, and stem cell activity.

Main Results:

  • Liver aging is characterized by increased apoptosis due to multiple interconnected factors.
  • Specific mechanisms include oxidative stress, DNA damage, lipid accumulation, ER stress, altered nutrient sensing, and changes in liver stem/progenitor cells.

Conclusions:

  • Targeting the mechanisms of apoptosis in liver aging may offer therapeutic strategies.
  • Restoring appropriate apoptosis levels could alleviate adverse effects of liver aging and improve disease prognosis.