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Related Concept Videos

Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction01:30

Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction

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Esophageal strictures involve abnormal narrowing or tightening of the esophagus. They vary in length and severity, ranging from mild constriction to complete obstruction, and are classified as benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
Etiology
The primary cause of esophageal strictures is long-standing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), accounting for about 70 to 80% of adult cases. Chronic acid reflux can lead to injury and scarring of the esophageal lining, culminating in...
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Urethra01:16

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The urethra is a hollowed tubular organ through which urine is expelled from the body. This structure extends from the bladder to the external opening, allowing urine to be released.
The anatomy of the urethra differs between males and females. In females, the urethra is short, measuring about 3–4 cm in length, and opens anterior to the vaginal opening. In males, the urethra is longer and passes through the penis, serving dual purposes: expelling urine and ejaculating semen. The male...
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Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management01:26

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Patients with esophageal strictures often experience a range of symptoms. Initially, they may have difficulty swallowing solid foods, which can progress to include liquids. Additional symptoms may involve chest pain or discomfort, regurgitating food and fluids, heartburn, unintentional weight loss, coughing or choking during meals, and hoarseness.
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Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra01:19

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The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...
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The ureters are retroperitoneal tubes located on either side of the vertebral column. They are responsible for transporting urine from each kidney to the urinary bladder. These tubes have thick walls and are approximately 25-30 cm long. Their diameter is around 10 mm at the renal pelvis, gradually narrowing to 1 mm as the ureter obliquely enters the posterior bladder wall through the ureteric orifices. The shape of these orifices is slit-like, which helps to prevent urine backflow toward the...
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Accessory Glands of the Male Reproductive System01:16

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The accessory ducts involved in sperm maturation and transportation include the epididymides, vasa deferentia, ejaculatory ducts, and urethra. These ducts play a critical role in the maturation, storage, and transportation of sperm from the testes to the urethra, where it is then released during ejaculation.
The epididymis is a small, comma-shaped organ located at the back of each testicle. The epididymis can be divided into three main parts: the head, body, and tail. The head of the epididymis...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 16, 2026

Surgical Management of Meatal Stenosis with Meatoplasty
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[Meatal and glandular urethral strictures].

Simon Zeller1, Malte W Vetterlein1, Margit Fisch1

  • 1Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.

Der Urologe. Ausg. A
|December 20, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Distal urethral strictures, affecting nearly 0.9% of men, require surgical repair for functional and cosmetic recovery. Oral mucosal grafts are the most promising treatment, offering low recurrence rates.

Keywords:
Buccal mucosaFossa navicularisLichen sclerosusMucosal tissue transplantationUrinary tract

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Surgical Innovation

Background:

  • Distal urethral strictures (meatal/glandular) are a significant subgroup of anterior urethral strictures, affecting 0.6-0.9% of men in industrialized nations.
  • Causes include trauma, infection, iatrogenic causes, and skin conditions like lichen sclerosus, posing risks to kidney function and quality of life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current therapeutic strategies for distal urethral strictures.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of different surgical interventions, focusing on tissue graft options.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on distal urethral stricture treatment.
  • Analysis of surgical techniques including dilatation, urethrotomy, and open urethroplasty with tissue grafts.
  • Evaluation of graft material suitability based on etiology and patient factors.

Main Results:

  • Surgical intervention is necessary to restore micturition and achieve satisfactory cosmetic outcomes.
  • Oral mucosal tissue grafts demonstrate the most promising results with low recurrence rates.
  • Genital skin grafts should be avoided in cases of lichen sclerosus.

Conclusions:

  • Oral mucosal grafts represent the current gold standard for distal urethral stricture repair due to their efficacy and low recurrence.
  • Personalized surgical approaches considering stricture etiology, patient comorbidities, and compliance are crucial for successful outcomes.