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Atomic Force Microscopy01:08

Atomic Force Microscopy

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Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a type of scanning probe microscopy that can analyze topographic details of various specimens like ceramics, glass, polymers, and biological samples. AFM offers over 1000 times more resolution than the optical imaging system. Images generated from AFM are three-dimensional surface profiles, offering an advantage over the flat, two-dimensional images from other imaging techniques.
The AFM Probe
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Overview of Microscopy Techniques01:22

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The early pioneers of microscopy opened a window into the invisible world of microorganisms. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes that leveraged nonvisible light, such as fluorescence microscopy that uses an ultraviolet light source and electron microscopy that uses short-wavelength electron beams. These advances significantly improved magnification, image resolution, and contrast. By comparison, the...
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Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy01:29

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Atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS) is an analytical technique that involves the electronic transitions of atoms in a flame, furnace, or plasma being excited by electromagnetic (EM) radiation. When these atoms absorb energy, they become excited and subsequently release energy as they return to their original state. This emitted light, or "fluorescence," is observed at a right angle to the incident beam. Both absorption and emission processes transpire at distinct wavelengths, which...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 16, 2026

High-Speed Atomic Force Microscopy Imaging of DNA Three-Point-Star Motif Self Assembly Using Photothermal Off-Resonance Tapping
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High-speed atomic force microscopy and its future prospects.

Toshio Ando1,2

  • 1Nano-Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan. tando@staff.kanazawa-u.ac.jp.

Biophysical Reviews
|December 20, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

High-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM) uniquely visualizes single protein structure and dynamics. Future scanning probe microscopy techniques will expand these capabilities for complex biomolecular studies.

Keywords:
Dynamic processesHigh-speed AFMImagingProteinsStructural changes

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Microscopy

Background:

  • Proteins drive complex biological processes, necessitating advanced visualization techniques.
  • Traditional methods often struggle to capture both structure and real-time dynamics of single molecules.
  • High-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM) emerged as a powerful tool for observing proteins in action.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the development and current applications of HS-AFM.
  • To highlight the unique capabilities of HS-AFM in studying protein structure and dynamics.
  • To forecast future advancements in biological scanning probe microscopy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of high-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM) principles and historical development.
  • Analysis of HS-AFM applications across diverse protein types (motor, membrane, enzymes, disordered).
  • Discussion of limitations and future directions in scanning probe microscopy.

Main Results:

  • HS-AFM enables simultaneous assessment of single protein structure and dynamics.
  • The technique has been successfully applied to a wide range of proteins.
  • Current HS-AFM limitations necessitate the development of next-generation microscopy techniques.

Conclusions:

  • HS-AFM provides unparalleled insights into protein behavior at the single-molecule level.
  • Continued innovation in scanning probe microscopy is crucial for addressing unresolved biomolecular questions.
  • Future techniques promise to further enhance our understanding of protein function and biological systems.