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PD-1/PD-L1 in disease.

Nyanbol Kuol1, Lily Stojanovska1, Kulmira Nurgali1

  • 1Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health & Biomedicine, Victoria University, P.O. Box 14426, Melbourne VIC 8001, Australia.

Immunotherapy
|December 21, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1 regulate immune responses. Blocking PD-1/PD-L1 shows promise in treating cancer and may improve immunotherapy and vaccine efficacy.

Keywords:
PD-1PD-L1autoimmune diseasecancerneurological diseasevaccines

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) expression on T/B cells is crucial for peripheral tolerance and preventing autoimmunity.
  • The interaction between PD-1 and its ligand PD-L1 normally protects against self-reactivity.
  • Tumor cells exploit the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway for immune evasion by inducing T cell anergy or apoptosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in various diseases.
  • To discuss the therapeutic potential of PD-1 and PD-L1 blockade in cancer treatment.
  • To explore the implications of PD-1/PD-L1 expression for immunotherapy and vaccine development.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on PD-1/PD-L1 in disease.
  • Analysis of the mechanisms of immune evasion by tumors utilizing PD-L1.
  • Examination of clinical trial data for PD-1/PD-L1 blocking antibodies.

Main Results:

  • PD-1/PD-L1 interactions are implicated in autoimmunity, neurological disorders, stroke, and cancer.
  • Overexpression of PD-L1 by tumors inhibits anti-tumor T cell responses.
  • Antibody-mediated blockade of PD-1/PD-L1 is a promising cancer treatment strategy currently in clinical trials.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding PD-1/PD-L1 dynamics is essential for managing autoimmune and neurological diseases.
  • Targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis offers a novel therapeutic avenue for cancer.
  • Combining checkpoint inhibitors with vaccines may enhance treatment outcomes for various diseases.