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Hand hygiene

Hand hygiene

Asepsis is the practice of preventing or breaking the chain of infection. The nurse employs aseptic techniques to prevent the spread of microorganisms and reduce the risk of diseases. Hand hygiene is the cornerstone of aseptic techniques and is classified into medical and surgical asepsis. Medical asepsis includes hand hygiene and the use of gloves. Surgical asepsis, or the sterile technique, refers to practices that render and keep objects and areas free of microorganisms.
Hand washing...

Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures

Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures

Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...

Asepsis

Asepsis

The condition of being free from disease-causing living pathogens is asepsis. Aseptic techniques include a set of standard practices to achieve asepsis. An example is the regular environmental cleaning of all parts of the healthcare facility and hand hygiene at home before preparing or eating food. Medical and surgical asepsis in healthcare practice protects patients from harmful pathogens, minimizes the risk of contamination of susceptible sites, and reduces the risk of infection transmission.

Handwashing II: Pre-procedure and Initial Procedure Steps

Handwashing II: Pre-procedure and Initial Procedure Steps

The pre-procedure steps of handwashing include removing jewelry and rolling up sleeves. However, many organizations allow staff to wear wedding rings.
The hand washing procedure itself includes the following steps. First, cover cuts, if any, on hands with a waterproof dressing. Cuts and abrasions can become contaminated with bacteria hindering the ability to clean the area thoroughly. In addition, repeated hand washing can worsen an injury. The nails must be short and clean, without nail...

Phases of Wound Repair

Phases of Wound Repair

Following injury, the integrity of the injured tissues must be reestablished. For example, in skin tissue, wound repair involves coordination among resident skin cells, blood mononuclear cells, extracellular matrix, growth factors, and cytokines to complete the healing cascade.
Formation of Blood Clot
In case of deep injuries, trauma to blood vessels results in blood loss. In the meantime, phospholipids released from the ruptured endothelial cellular membrane are converted into arachidonic...

Handwashing III: During the Procedure and Post-Procedure Steps

Handwashing III: During the Procedure and Post-Procedure Steps

To wash hands properly, follow these steps:

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Consensus on Wound Antisepsis: Update 2018.

Axel Kramer¹, Joachim Dissemond, Simon Kim

¹Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

Skin Pharmacology and Physiology

|December 21, 2017

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This consensus updates wound antisepsis guidelines, recommending specific agents like polihexanide and octenidine dihydrochloride for various wound types, including those with multidrug-resistant organisms.

Keywords:

Acetic acid Antiseptics Drug Dyes Hydrogen peroxide Hypochlorite Iodophors Medical device Mercury compounds Negative pressure wound therapy with the instillation of antiseptics Octenidine Physical body warm atmospheric plasma Polihexanide Silver ions Silver sulfadiazine Taurolidine Wound antisepsis Wounds-at-Risk Score

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Area of Science:

Medical Microbiology
Wound Care Management
Antimicrobial Therapy

Background:

Wound antisepsis is evolving due to new antimicrobial agents and the rise of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs).
Appropriate indication for antiseptic use is crucial, with specific agents recommended for infected or critically colonized wounds.
Preventive application can be guided by the Wounds-at-Risk Score to assess infection risk.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide an updated consensus recommendation on the use of various wound antiseptics.
To evaluate the efficacy and indications for agents including octenidine dihydrochloride (OCT), polihexanide, iodophores, hypochlorite, taurolidine, and silver ions.
To identify optimal antiseptic strategies for different wound types and colonization statuses.

Main Methods:

Review and updated evaluation of existing data on wound antiseptic properties and clinical applications.
Classification of antiseptic agents based on their suitability for specific wound conditions, including acute, chronic, infected, and colonized wounds.
Assessment of newer modalities such as negative pressure wound therapy with instillation (NPWTi) and cold atmospheric plasma.

Main Results:

Polihexanide is recommended for critically colonized/infected chronic wounds and burns.
Octenidine dihydrochloride/phenoxyethanol (OCT/PE) is suitable for acute, contaminated, traumatic, and MRSA-colonized wounds, and for MDRO decolonization.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-iodine is a first choice for bite, stab, and gunshot wounds; hypochlorite and polihexanide are superior for contaminated acute/chronic wounds.

Conclusions:

The updated recommendations provide clear guidance on selecting appropriate antiseptics for diverse wound management scenarios.
Octenidine dihydrochloride and polihexanide are highlighted as key agents for specific indications, including MDROs.
Obsolete agents are identified, and promising new therapies like NPWTi and cold atmospheric plasma are noted for future consideration.