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Related Concept Videos

Endoscopic Studies II: Thoracocentesis01:26

Endoscopic Studies II: Thoracocentesis

Thoracentesis(Thoracocentesis), commonly known as pleural tap, is a medical procedure where a 22 gauge needle is inserted into the pleural space, the area between the lung and chest wall. This procedure is commonly performed to diagnose or treat various respiratory disorders.
Description
Excess pleural fluid or air may accumulate in some respiratory disorders in the thoracic cavity. To treat pleural effusion, a physician conducts thoracentesis by carefully piercing the chest wall and entering...
Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy01:26

Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy

Sigmoidoscopy and laparoscopy are distinct medical procedures that enable physicians to internally inspect different parts of the GI tract. Although they serve different purposes, each is essential for diagnosing and, in some cases, treating various medical conditions.
Sigmoidoscopy
Sigmoidoscopy is a diagnostic procedure that uses a flexible sigmoidoscope equipped with a light source and camera to examine the rectum and sigmoid colon. The procedure involves inserting the tube through the anus...
Peptic Ulcer Disease III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:28

Peptic Ulcer Disease III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) presents with diverse symptoms depending on the location and severity of the ulcer. Clinical manifestations of peptic ulcer include dull pain and a burning sensation in the mid-epigastric region.
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Endoscopic Procedures V: ERCP01:26

Endoscopic Procedures V: ERCP

Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a diagnostic procedure that combines endoscopy and fluoroscopy to diagnose and treat conditions related to the bile ducts, pancreatic ducts, and gallbladder. This procedure is beneficial for identifying and addressing blockages, gallstones, strictures, and tumors within the biliary or pancreatic systems. ERCP is both diagnostic and therapeutic, offering the ability to visualize and treat identified problems in one session.
Patient...
Roles of Electrolytes: Chloride and Bicarbonate01:29

Roles of Electrolytes: Chloride and Bicarbonate

Chloride ions contribute to the osmotic pressure gradient distinguishing the intracellular fluid (ICF) from the extracellular fluid (ECF). They counterbalance positively charged ions in the ECF and ensure its electrochemical stability. The renal system's process of chloride absorption and release generally mirrors that of sodium ions.
Conditions such as hypochloremia can arise from insufficient chloride reabsorption by the kidneys, often compounded by extended bouts of diarrhea, vomiting, or...
Cleaning, Sterilization, and Disinfection01:30

Cleaning, Sterilization, and Disinfection

Cleaning, disinfection, and sterilization are the methods that help to break the infection chain and prevent disease.
Cleaning
The cleaning process usually involves using water with detergents or enzymatic cleaner and removing foreign material from objects and surfaces, including organic material such as body fluids or inorganic material like soil. Cleaning is performed before high-level disinfection and sterilization because foreign materials on the cover of the devices interfere with process...

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Updated: Jul 1, 2026

Halogenated Agent Delivery in Porcine Model of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome via an Intensive Care Unit Type Device
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Halogenated Agent Delivery in Porcine Model of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome via an Intensive Care Unit Type Device

Published on: September 24, 2020

Hypochlorous acid testing studies: elective surgeries (Hypoclates:Elective).

Tobias Hoch Al Hessen1,2, Niels Siegel1, Mika P Nadvornik1,3

  • 1Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.

BMJ Open
|June 29, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study investigates if hypochlorous acid (HOCl) lavage reduces surgical site infections (SSI) in visceral surgery. HOCl lavage is compared to saline to assess its effectiveness in preventing SSIs.

Keywords:
Adult surgeryClinical TrialProspective studies

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Halogenated Agent Delivery in Porcine Model of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome via an Intensive Care Unit Type Device
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08:43

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Published on: September 4, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Surgical Infection Prevention
  • Antimicrobial Agents
  • Clinical Trials

Background:

  • Surgical site infections (SSI) are a significant burden, with current intraoperative lavage methods lacking proven efficacy.
  • Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) shows promise as a biocompatible antimicrobial agent for surgical use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of standardized intraoperative hypochlorous acid (HOCl) lavage in reducing SSI incidence.
  • To compare HOCl lavage against conventional isotonic saline irrigation in elective visceral surgery.

Main Methods:

  • A single-centre, prospective, sequential, quasi-experimental trial comparing ~500 patients receiving HOCl lavage with ~500 retrospective controls receiving isotonic saline.
  • Primary outcome: SSI incidence (superficial, deep, organ/space) per CDC criteria until hospital discharge or postoperative day 10.
  • Secondary outcomes: ICU/hospital length of stay, antibiotic duration, and Comprehensive Complication Index (CCI).

Main Results:

  • This section is to be filled once the study is completed and results are available.

Conclusions:

  • This section is to be filled once the study is completed and results are available.