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Medicalization: A historical perspective.

Richard B Birrer1, Yasuharu Tokuda2

  • 1Cornell University School of Medicine New York NY USA.

Journal of General and Family Medicine
|December 22, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Medicalization pathologizes normal human experiences, leading to unnecessary costs and anxiety. Physicians can promote demedicalization by upholding professionalism and critical evaluation of medical definitions.

Keywords:
disabilitydiseasegenomicsmedicalizationpublic health

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Sociology
  • Health Policy
  • Philosophy of Medicine

Background:

  • The definition of 'normal' is arbitrary, with deviations often medicalized.
  • Social, psychological, and natural processes are increasingly redefined as diseases.
  • Factors driving medicalization include wellness culture, pharmaceutical influence, and media expansion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the phenomenon of medicalization.
  • To identify key drivers contributing to the expansion of medical definitions.
  • To propose actionable strategies for demedicalization.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on medicalization and its societal impact.
  • Analysis of factors influencing the redefinition of conditions as diseases.
  • Development of physician-led strategies for demedicalization.

Main Results:

  • Medicalization broadens the scope of disease, encompassing non-pathological states.
  • Drivers like pharmaceutical marketing and media contribute to over-medicalization.
  • Unnecessary medical interventions increase costs, anxiety, and complication risks.

Conclusions:

  • Demedicalization is crucial to mitigate social and financial burdens.
  • Physician professionalism is key to resisting unnecessary medicalization.
  • Implementing concrete steps can help restore appropriate boundaries in medical practice.