Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 16, 2026
03:51
Author Spotlight: Advanced Treatment of Seminal Duct Blockage Employing Endoscopy-Mediated Semen Channel Refluviation
Published on: December 8, 2023
4.8K
Can intravesical prostatic protrusion predict bladder outlet obstruction even in men with good flow?
Alvin Lee1, Han Jie Lee1, Kok Bin Lim2
1Department of Urology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.
Asian Journal of Urology
|December 22, 2017
Summary
Intravesical prostatic protrusion (IPP) can help predict bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) in men with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) even with good urinary flow. High-grade IPP is a strong indicator of BOO in this patient group.
Area of Science:
- Urology
- Medical Imaging
- Prostate Health
Background:
- Benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) can cause bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) despite good urinary flow.
- Intravesical prostatic protrusion (IPP) is a potential predictor of BOO.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the utility of IPP in predicting BOO in men with BPH and good urinary flow.
- To assess the correlation between IPP grades and the presence of BOO.
Main Methods:
- 114 men (>50 years) with BPH symptoms underwent PSA, uroflowmetry, and transabdominal ultrasound for IPP and prostate volume (PV).
- Pressure-flow urodynamic studies defined BOO (BOO index > 40).
- Good urinary flow was defined as Qmax ≥ 12.0 mL/s.
Main Results:
- Of 61 men with good flow, 14 (23.0%) had BOO.
- Sensitivity of Grade 2/3 IPP for BOO was 100%; specificity of Grade 3 IPP was 76.6%.
- IPP demonstrated a higher predictive value (AUC 0.757) than prostate volume (AUC 0.696).
Conclusions:
- High-grade IPP is associated with a higher likelihood of BOO in men with BPH and good urinary flow.
- IPP serves as a valuable adjunct for predicting BOO in this specific patient cohort.
Related Concept Videos
01:19Urodynamic Studies: Uroflowmetry
5.2K
Uroflowmetry is a non-invasive urodynamic test designed to measure various aspects of urination, including volume, flow rate, and the time to void. This test is crucial for diagnosing and assessing conditions such as bladder outlet obstruction, bladder dysfunction, incomplete bladder emptying, incontinence, and urinary tract blockages caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and urethral strictures.Pre-Test Instructions:Before a uroflowmetry test, patients are typically advised to drink...
5.2K
01:22Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography
2.2K
Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG) and Cystography are specialized radiographic procedures used to examine the structure and function of the bladder and urethra.Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG)A Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG) is a diagnostic imaging procedure that assesses the anatomy and function of the lower urinary tract. It focuses on the bladder, bladder neck, and urethra, helping detect abnormalities such as vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)—the backward or reverse flow of urine into the...
2.2K
01:23Urinary Bladder
3.6K
The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...
3.6K
01:19Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra
1.8K
The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...
1.8K
01:28Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination
3.5K
Meaning of Cystoscopic Examination:Cystoscopy is an essential diagnostic tool in urology that is used to assess the structure and function of the genitourinary system. It provides a direct view of the urethra, bladder, and, in some cases, the ureteral openings. This procedure helps detect structural abnormalities, infections, cancers, and blockages in the urinary tract. There are two types of cystoscopy:Flexible cystoscopy is commonly performed in outpatient settings due to its less invasive...
3.5K
01:26Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations
452
Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
452