Nucleobases, nucleosides, and nucleotides: versatile biomolecules for generating functional nanomaterials

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Biochemistry
• Nanotechnology

Background:

• Biomolecules like nucleobases, nucleosides, and nucleotides are fundamental to life.
• These molecules possess unique properties: structural diversity, multiple binding sites, self-assembly, stability, biocompatibility, and chirality.
• They are increasingly utilized in constructing and regulating functional nanomaterials.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review strategies for synthesizing and regulating nanomaterials using nucleobases, nucleosides, and nucleotides.
• To highlight the diverse applications of these biomolecule-based functional nanosystems.
• To discuss future perspectives and challenges in this emerging field.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of synthesis strategies for nanomaterials incorporating nucleobases, nucleosides, and nucleotides.
• Analysis of how these biomolecules act as building blocks, templates, or modulators.
• Compilation of current and potential applications.

Main Results:

• Nucleobases, nucleosides, and nucleotides enable the creation of functional nanosystems with advanced properties.
• These nanomaterials demonstrate diverse applications including sensing, bioimaging, drug delivery, artificial light-harvesting, and logic gates.
• The review summarizes key synthesis approaches and regulatory mechanisms.

Conclusions:

• Biomolecule-based functional nanomaterials offer significant potential across various scientific and technological domains.
• Further research into synthesis, regulation, and applications is warranted.
• This field presents exciting opportunities for interdisciplinary scientific exploration.