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Related Concept Videos

Quality Assurance01:19

Quality Assurance

2.8K
Quality assurance is the overarching term used to describe the activities employed to ensure the proper performance of a system. These activities can be classified into three categories: quality control, quality assessment, and internal corrective measures. Typically, these activities work cyclically: quality control is performed before and during the analysis, while quality assessment occurs during and after the investigation. Internal corrective measures are implemented based on the findings...
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Errors and Mistakes in Surveying01:19

Errors and Mistakes in Surveying

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Errors and mistakes in surveying refer to inaccuracies in measurements and data recording. The errors are deviations from the actual value caused by human sensory limitations, equipment flaws, or environmental effects. These errors are typically unintentional and can result from the inherent imperfections in the instruments used, atmospheric conditions, or the observer’s inability to perceive exact measurements. On the other hand, mistakes are caused by the surveyor's lack of...
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Survey Safety01:28

Survey Safety

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Surveying near highways, rough terrain, or power lines involves significant risks. Working along highways is particularly dangerous and requires the use of warning signs and flagmen. It is safest to avoid working directly on roads and use offsets whenever possible. When highway work is unavoidable, it must follow all safety guidelines. Surveyors should wear bright clothing, such as orange reflective vests, to ensure visibility to motorists, coworkers, and hunters. In construction zones, wearing...
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Quality Control01:05

Quality Control

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Quality control is one of the three cyclical quality assurance activities that help keep a system under statistical control. Typical quality control activities include creating quality control charts, conducting proficiency testing, and documenting and archiving results.
Quality control helps track data, visualize trends, and identify variations, making it easier to detect deviations that may affect the accuracy of an analysis. One way to do this is by generating a quality control chart, which...
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Adjusting a Traverse01:12

Adjusting a Traverse

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In the site survey of a four-sided traverse, internal angles are essential to ensure geometric accuracy. The survey revealed that the sum of the measured internal angles was 359 degrees and 48 minutes, which is 12 minutes less than the expected 360 degrees. This discrepancy signals an error likely arising from measurement inaccuracies during the fieldwork.To rectify this error, the adjustment process involved distributing the 12-minute shortfall equally across the four internal angles. By...
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Common Leveling Mistakes and Errors01:17

Common Leveling Mistakes and Errors

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A survey team is tasked with determining the elevation difference between points Point A and Point B, separated by uneven terrain. They use a leveling instrument and a leveling rod.Common MistakesMisreading the Rod: During a backsight reading at Point A, the instrumentman observes the rod partially obscured by tall grass. Instead of reading 1.135 m, they mistakenly record 1.735 m due to the misalignment of the crosshair with the wrong graduation. This error adds 0.600 m to all subsequent...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 16, 2026

Measuring the Structure, Composition, and Change of Underwater Environments with Large-area Imaging
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Quality Assurance in Archaeological Survey.

E B Banning1, Alicia L Hawkins2, S T Stewart3

  • 1Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, 19 Russell St., Toronto, ON M5S 2S2 Canada.

Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory
|December 22, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Ensuring archaeological survey quality requires robust methods. This study demonstrates how Quality Assurance (QA) and empirical techniques, like resurvey and coverage estimation, improve artifact discovery effectiveness and reliability.

Keywords:
Archaeological surveyCoverageFieldwalkingQuality AssuranceSweep widths

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Area of Science:

  • Archaeological Science
  • Heritage Management
  • Survey Methodology

Background:

  • Archaeological survey results must be reliable for heritage management and research.
  • Assessing survey effectiveness is crucial for ensuring data quality.
  • Current methods may lack explicit measures of thoroughness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss Quality Assurance (QA) approaches for archaeological surveys.
  • To present empirical methods for estimating survey effectiveness in artifact discovery.
  • To provide a framework for ensuring archaeological survey quality.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing Quality Assurance (QA) principles.
  • Applying empirical methods to estimate survey effectiveness.
  • Conducting resurveys and measuring surveyor "sweep widths".
  • Estimating realistic survey coverage.
  • Evaluating the probability of missing artifacts (pottery, lithics).

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated explicit evaluation of survey effectiveness through resurvey and coverage analysis.
  • Quantified the probability of missing archaeological artifacts.
  • Provided criteria for determining when a survey unit is sufficiently covered.

Conclusions:

  • Quality Assurance (QA) and empirical methods enhance confidence in archaeological survey results.
  • Resurvey and coverage estimation are effective tools for assessing survey thoroughness.
  • These methods ensure archaeological surveys meet necessary quality standards for research and heritage management.