Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

The Blood-brain Barrier

The Blood-brain Barrier

Quality of Water

Quality of Water

In concrete preparation, the quality of water is paramount as it affects the strength and durability of the concrete. Potable water is usually preferred; however, it must not have excessive sodium or potassium to prevent compromising the concrete's integrity. Water quality is typically evaluated based on impurities such as dissolved solids, chlorides, and sulfates, and its pH value is ideally between 6 and 8. Even slightly acidic natural water may be acceptable unless it contains harmful...

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a colorless liquid that flows around the brain and the spinal cord, playing a vital role in the protection, support, and overall function of the central nervous system (CNS). CSF production, circulation, and absorption are tightly regulated processes essential for the brain and spinal cord to function properly.
CSF Production
CSF is produced mainly in the choroid plexus, a network of capillaries and ependymal cells located within the ventricular system of the brain....

Language and Cognition

Language and Cognition

Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.

Brain Waves

Brain Waves

Brain waves are electrical signals generated by the neurons in the brain, which are regularly monitored to measure mental activities. Brain waves and their frequency ranges can be measured using an electroencephalogram or EEG. There are four main types of brain waves, each with distinct characteristics:

Biological Influences on Intelligence

Biological Influences on Intelligence

Intelligence is often thought to be linked to brain size, but the relationship is more complex than that. While brain size does correlate modestly with some abilities, like verbal skills, the connection is weaker for others, such as spatial reasoning. Other factors, like brain structure, also play crucial roles. For instance, despite Einstein's smaller-than-average brain, his parietal cortex, which is involved in spatial reasoning, was 15% wider, suggesting that neural density might matter...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

The Critical Role of Autophagy and Phagocytosis in the Aging Brain.

International journal of molecular sciences·2025

Same author

Mitochondrial Dysfunction as the Major Basis of Brain Aging.

Biomolecules·2024

Same author

Exploring neuroadaptive cellular pathways in chronic morphine exposure: An in-vitro analysis of cabergoline and Mdivi-1 co-treatment effects on the autophagy-apoptosis axis.

Journal of cellular biochemistry·2024

Same author

The Hormesis Concept: Strengths and Shortcomings.

Biomolecules·2023

Same author

The Molecular Basis for the Environmental Promotion of Neurodegenerative Disease.

International journal of molecular sciences·2023

Same author

Relationships between Diabetes and the Intestinal Microbial Population.

International journal of molecular sciences·2023

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 16, 2026

Evaluation of the Cognitive Performance of Hypertensive Patients with Silent Cerebrovascular Lesions

Evaluation of the Cognitive Performance of Hypertensive Patients with Silent Cerebrovascular Lesions

Published on: April 23, 2021

Water Quality and Brain Function.

Stephen C Bondy¹, Arezoo Campbell²

¹Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617-1830, USA. scbondy@uci.edu.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

|December 22, 2017

Summary

Drinking water contaminants, even at low doses, pose risks to brain health. Further toxicology studies are crucial to understand long-term health hazards from trace amounts of toxins.

Keywords:

brain function drinking water quality neurotoxic metals neurotoxic organics public health reservoirs

More Related Videos

Assessment of Blood-brain Barrier Permeability by Intravenous Infusion of FITC-labeled Albumin in a Mouse Model of Neurodegenerative Disease

Assessment of Blood-brain Barrier Permeability by Intravenous Infusion of FITC-labeled Albumin in a Mouse Model of Neurodegenerative Disease

Published on: November 8, 2017

Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging

Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging

Published on: September 12, 2011

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 16, 2026

Evaluation of the Cognitive Performance of Hypertensive Patients with Silent Cerebrovascular Lesions

Evaluation of the Cognitive Performance of Hypertensive Patients with Silent Cerebrovascular Lesions

Published on: April 23, 2021

Assessment of Blood-brain Barrier Permeability by Intravenous Infusion of FITC-labeled Albumin in a Mouse Model of Neurodegenerative Disease

Assessment of Blood-brain Barrier Permeability by Intravenous Infusion of FITC-labeled Albumin in a Mouse Model of Neurodegenerative Disease

Published on: November 8, 2017

Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging

Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging

Published on: September 12, 2011

Area of Science:

Environmental Toxicology
Neuroscience
Public Health

Background:

Current US drinking water regulations aim to protect public health.
Existing regulations may be insufficient due to limited data on chronic low-dose exposures or novel contaminants.

Purpose of the Study:

To review sources of drinking water contaminants.
To evaluate toxicants with known neurological impacts.
To highlight the importance of trace contaminants and potential brain abnormalities.

Main Methods:

Literature review of contaminant sources.
Evaluation of individual toxicants and their neurotoxic effects.
Discussion of contaminant mixture effects (additive, synergistic, antagonistic).
Examination of mechanisms of contaminant-induced neurological impairment.

Main Results:

Drinking water can contain various contaminants from different sources.
Specific toxicants are known to cause adverse neurological effects.
Contaminant mixtures can lead to complex neurotoxic responses.
Mechanisms linking contaminants to neurological damage are diverse.

Conclusions:

Trace amounts of chemicals in drinking water may lead to brain abnormalities.
There is a significant need for more toxicology research on long-term, low-dose contaminant exposure.
Current understanding of health hazards from chronic exposure to minute contaminant levels is limited.