Sensory impairments and wrist fractures: A case-control study

Area of Science:

• Gerontology
• Biomechanics
• Neurology

Background:

• Fall-related wrist fractures are a significant concern in the aging population.
• Understanding the contributing factors to these fractures is crucial for developing effective prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the association between vestibular function, foot sensation, postural control, and functional abilities with fall-related wrist fractures.
• To identify specific variables that are predictive of wrist fractures in older adults.

Main Methods:

• A case-control study involving 98 individuals aged 50-75 with fall-related wrist fractures and 48 matched controls.
• Utilized tests for vestibular function (head-shake test), foot sensation (tuning fork, biothesiometer, Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments), postural control (Sensory Organization Test), and functional abilities (Five-Times-Sit-to-Stand Test, 10-m walk test, Activities-specific Balance Confidence, Dizziness Handicap Inventory).
• Logistic regression models were employed to analyze the associations.

Main Results:

• Significant differences were observed in vestibular asymmetry, plantar pressure sensation, postural control, and functional tests between fracture cases and controls.
• A positive head-shake test (OR 5.424) and impaired monofilament sensation (OR 3.886) were strongly associated with fall-related wrist fractures.
• Vestibular asymmetry was present in 82% of fracture cases versus 63% of controls (p=0.012).

Conclusions:

• Asymmetrical vestibular function and reduced plantar pressure sensation are significantly associated with fall-related wrist fractures in the aging population.
• These sensory and functional deficits represent potential targets for future interventions aimed at fracture prevention.
• Early identification of these risk factors may aid in mitigating fall-related injuries.