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Measuring Sensitivity to Viewpoint Change with and without Stereoscopic Cues
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Small Cues Change Savings Choices.

James J Choi1, Emily Haisley2, Jennifer Kurkoski3

  • 1Yale University and NBER.

Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization
|December 26, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Simple email cues significantly influence 401(k) savings. Anchoring, goal-setting, or threshold prompts in emails can increase or decrease employee 401(k) contribution rates, with lasting effects.

Keywords:
401(k)anchoringcuesgoalsnudgeretirement savings

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Economics
  • Financial Psychology
  • Retirement Savings Research

Background:

  • Understanding factors influencing retirement savings behavior is crucial for financial well-being.
  • Employee participation in 401(k) plans is a key component of retirement planning.
  • Behavioral interventions can potentially improve financial decision-making.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of simple email-based cues on 401(k) savings decisions.
  • To determine if anchoring, goal-setting, or savings threshold information affects contribution rates.
  • To assess the persistence of these cue effects over time.

Main Methods:

  • Randomized field experiments involving employees and their 401(k) plans.
  • Delivery of emails containing one- to two-sentence cues (anchoring, goal-setting, savings thresholds).
  • Analysis of changes in 401(k) contribution rates before and after email interventions.

Main Results:

  • Emails with cues highlighting high savings rates increased contribution rates by up to 2.9% of income.
  • Emails with cues highlighting low savings rates decreased contribution rates by up to 1.4% of income.
  • Observed effects on savings behavior persisted for two months to a year post-intervention.

Conclusions:

  • Simple, low-information email cues can significantly alter employee 401(k) savings behavior.
  • The salience of savings rates (high or low) in communication impacts contribution levels.
  • Behavioral nudges via email offer a potentially effective and persistent method for promoting retirement savings.