What can we see with IVIM MRI?

Area of Science:

• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
• Biomedical Engineering
• Radiology

Background:

• Intravoxel Incoherent Motion (IVIM) describes molecular diffusion within MRI voxels, reflecting tissue microcirculation.
• Blood flow in capillaries mimics a pseudo-diffusion process, enabling IVIM to estimate tissue perfusion.
• IVIM-based perfusion MRI is a contrast-agent-free technique gaining traction, particularly in oncology.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide an introductory review of Intravoxel Incoherent Motion (IVIM) based perfusion MRI.
• To outline the fundamental concepts, models, technical requirements, and limitations of IVIM MRI.
• To explore emerging non-perfusion applications of IVIM MRI, including virtual MR Elastography.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature and theoretical concepts of IVIM MRI.
• Discussion of the biophysical basis of IVIM signal generation.
• Exploration of technical considerations for IVIM data acquisition and analysis.

Main Results:

• IVIM MRI offers a non-invasive method to assess tissue perfusion by modeling incoherent motion within voxels.
• The technique leverages the pseudo-diffusion effect of capillary blood flow.
• IVIM MRI has demonstrated potential beyond perfusion imaging, such as in virtual MR Elastography.

Conclusions:

• IVIM MRI is a valuable tool for non-contrast perfusion assessment, with significant implications for oncology.
• Understanding IVIM concepts, models, and technical aspects is crucial for its effective application.
• The versatility of IVIM MRI extends to novel applications, broadening its clinical and research utility.