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Related Concept Videos

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)01:16

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Ring-opening metathesis polymerization or ROMP involves strained cycloalkenes as starting materials. The mechanism of ROMP proceeds by reacting cycloalkene with Grubbs catalyst to give metallacyclobutane intermediate which undergoes a ring-opening reaction to form new carbene. The new carbene reacts with another molecule of cycloalkene. Repetition of these steps leads to the formation of an unsaturated open-chain polymer product. All these steps are reversible, however, relieving the ring...
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Actin polymerization occurs through the head-to-tail association of binding sites on monomeric actin or G-actin to form filamentous or F-actin. The polymerization can be divided into three phases ̶  nucleation, elongation, and steady-state phase.
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When a ligand binds to a cell-surface receptor, the receptor's intracellular domain changes shape, which may either activate its enzyme function or allow its binding to other molecules. The initial signal is amplified by most signal transduction pathways. This means that a single ligand molecule can activate multiple molecules of a downstream target. Proteins that relay a signal are most commonly phosphorylated at one or more sites, activating or inactivating the protein. Kinases catalyze...
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Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
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Topoisomerases are enzymes that relax overwound DNA molecules during various cell processes, including DNA replication and transcription. These enzymes regulate positive and negative DNA supercoiling without changing the nucleotide sequence. DNA overwinding in a clockwise direction results in positively supercoiled DNA, whereas underwinding in a counterclockwise direction produces negatively supercoiled DNA.
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DNA Helicases00:55

DNA Helicases

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DNA unwinding helicase enzymes are a type of motor protein. Motor proteins can translocate along filaments or polymers using energy generated from ATP hydrolysis. Helicases are involved in all the important cellular processes where DNA unwinding is required, such as DNA replication, repair, recombination, and transcription. They are present in all living organisms, but vary in their structure, function, and mechanism of action. For example, in prokaryotes, DnaB helicase binds and translocates...
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A Fluorescent Biofunctional DNA Hydrogel Prepared by Enzymatic Polymerization.

Jinhui Geng1, Chi Yao1, Xiaohong Kou1

  • 1School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China.

Advanced Healthcare Materials
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This study presents a novel multifunctional DNA hydrogel incorporating silver nanoclusters (AgNCs). This biocompatible composite material offers fluorescent and antibacterial properties for advanced biomedical applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Synthetic Biology

Background:

  • DNA's unique properties like designability and biocompatibility make it a promising material for hydrogel construction.
  • Pure DNA hydrogels have limited applications; composite DNA hydrogels with added functionalities are highly desirable.
  • Incorporating multifunctional moieties into DNA hydrogels can expand their utility for specific applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To create a multifunctional DNA hydrogel by integrating DNA with silver nanoclusters (AgNCs).
  • To impart simultaneous fluorescent and antibacterial properties to the DNA hydrogel.
  • To develop a versatile biomaterial for diverse biomedical applications.

Main Methods:

  • Rational design of a circular DNA molecule capable of enzymatic chain elongation.
  • In-situ formation of silver nanoclusters (AgNCs) onto the DNA scaffolds.
  • Characterization of the hybrid DNA hydrogel's morphology, mechanical properties, and functionalities.

Main Results:

  • A novel hybrid DNA hydrogel incorporating AgNCs was successfully synthesized.
  • The resulting hydrogel exhibited distinct morphology and enhanced mechanical properties.
  • The composite hydrogel demonstrated simultaneous fluorescent and antibacterial activities, alongside biocompatibility.

Conclusions:

  • The developed multifunctional DNA hydrogel possesses unique properties suitable for various biomedical fields.
  • Potential applications include tissue engineering, wound dressing, biosensing, and bioimaging.
  • This hybrid material represents a significant advancement in DNA-based biomaterials.