Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Le Chatelier's Principle: Changing Volume (Pressure)02:32

Le Chatelier's Principle: Changing Volume (Pressure)

40.8K
For gas-phase equilibria, changes in the concentrations of reactants and products can occur with altered volume and pressure. The partial pressure, P, of an ideal gas is proportional to its molar concentration, M.
40.8K
Vapor Pressure02:34

Vapor Pressure

41.2K
When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase molecules move randomly about, they will occasionally collide with the surface of the condensed phase, and in some cases, these collisions will result in the molecules re-entering the condensed phase. The change from the gas phase to the liquid is called condensation. When the rate of condensation becomes equal to the rate of vaporization, neither the amount of the liquid nor the amount of the vapor...
41.2K
Standard Entropy Change for a Reaction03:00

Standard Entropy Change for a Reaction

25.2K
Entropy is a state function, so the standard entropy change for a chemical reaction (ΔS°rxn) can be calculated from the difference in standard entropy between the products and the reactants.
25.2K
Global Climate Change01:50

Global Climate Change

29.1K
Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
29.1K
Le Chatelier's Principle: Changing Concentration02:27

Le Chatelier's Principle: Changing Concentration

66.2K
A system at equilibrium is in a state of dynamic balance, with forward and reverse reactions taking place at equal rates. If an equilibrium system is subjected to a change in conditions that affects these reaction rates differently (a stress), then the rates are no longer equal and the system is not at equilibrium. The system will subsequently experience a net reaction in the direction of a greater rate (a shift) that will re-establish the equilibrium. This phenomenon is summarized by Le...
66.2K
Rates of Change01:20

Rates of Change

144
The rate of change is a central concept in mathematics that quantifies how one variable varies in response to another. It serves as a foundational tool in modeling dynamic systems across disciplines such as physics, biology, economics, and engineering. Understanding both average and instantaneous rates of change enables the analysis of behavior in functions that describe real-world phenomena.Average Rate of ChangeFor a function f(x) defined over an interval [x1,x2], the average rate of change...
144

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Complete genome sequence of <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> A1100, producing the selective cytocidal protein Parasporin-5Aa1.

Microbiology resource announcements·2026
Same author

Interlayer Hydrogen-Hydrogen Spacing Regulates the Formation of Molecular Hydrogen in Hydrogen Boride Nanosheets.

ACS nano·2026
Same author

Control of Anion Ordering in Perovskite Oxyhydrides by High-Pressure and High-Temperature Treatment.

Inorganic chemistry·2026
Same author

Hydrogen-induced microstructural evolution in a nickel-based alloy under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions.

Scientific reports·2025
Same author

Crystal Structure Investigations of LaNi<sub>2</sub>H<sub><i>x</i></sub> (<i>x</i> = 0 and 3.08 with Metal Atoms in AlB<sub>2</sub> Units) and LaNiH<sub>1.01</sub>.

Inorganic chemistry·2025
Same author

A disposable frame in a multianvil 6-6 assembly for a cubic-type multianvil press.

The Review of scientific instruments·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 16, 2026

Novel Techniques for Observing Structural Dynamics of Photoresponsive Liquid Crystals
10:35

Novel Techniques for Observing Structural Dynamics of Photoresponsive Liquid Crystals

Published on: May 29, 2018

9.2K

Pressure-induced structural change in liquid GeI4.

Kazuhiro Fuchizaki1,2, Hironori Nishimura1, Takaki Hase3

  • 1Department of Physics, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan.

Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal
|December 28, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Researchers observed a sluggish liquid-liquid transition in germanium tetraiodide (GeI4) under pressure. This structural change, unlike in tin tetraiodide (SnI4), suggests a crossover rather than a distinct transition, possibly due to a metastable critical point.

More Related Videos

Measuring the Structure, Composition, and Change of Underwater Environments with Large-area Imaging
09:19

Measuring the Structure, Composition, and Change of Underwater Environments with Large-area Imaging

Published on: April 18, 2025

1.5K
A Convenient Method for Extraction and Analysis with High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography of Catecholamine Neurotransmitters and Their Metabolites
13:35

A Convenient Method for Extraction and Analysis with High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography of Catecholamine Neurotransmitters and Their Metabolites

Published on: March 1, 2018

15.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 16, 2026

Novel Techniques for Observing Structural Dynamics of Photoresponsive Liquid Crystals
10:35

Novel Techniques for Observing Structural Dynamics of Photoresponsive Liquid Crystals

Published on: May 29, 2018

9.2K
Measuring the Structure, Composition, and Change of Underwater Environments with Large-area Imaging
09:19

Measuring the Structure, Composition, and Change of Underwater Environments with Large-area Imaging

Published on: April 18, 2025

1.5K
A Convenient Method for Extraction and Analysis with High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography of Catecholamine Neurotransmitters and Their Metabolites
13:35

A Convenient Method for Extraction and Analysis with High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography of Catecholamine Neurotransmitters and Their Metabolites

Published on: March 1, 2018

15.4K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • High-Pressure Physics
  • Condensed Matter Physics

Background:

  • Tin tetraiodide (SnI4) exhibits a liquid-liquid transition, a phenomenon where a liquid undergoes a phase change without solidification.
  • The melting curve of germanium tetraiodide (GeI4) shows similarities to that of SnI4, suggesting a potential for a similar liquid-liquid transition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the structural changes in liquid GeI4 under compression, particularly around 3 GPa where its melting curve slope changes abruptly.
  • To determine if liquid GeI4 undergoes a liquid-liquid transition analogous to that observed in liquid SnI4.

Main Methods:

  • In situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurements were performed on liquid GeI4 under varying pressures.
  • Analysis of reduced radial distribution functions (RDFs) to characterize structural differences between low- and high-pressure liquid states.
  • Introduction of local order parameters to monitor the transition process.

Main Results:

  • The radial distribution functions of liquid GeI4 at high and low pressures share features with those of liquid SnI4, indicating similar structural ordering.
  • The transition from the low-pressure to the high-pressure structure in GeI4 was observed to be sluggish.
  • Local order parameters suggest a metastable extension of the liquid-liquid phase boundary with a negative slope.

Conclusions:

  • The structural change in liquid GeI4 under pressure is characterized as a crossover rather than a sharp transition.
  • The liquid-liquid critical point in GeI4 is speculated to be thermodynamically unstable and located slightly below the melting curve.
  • The findings provide insights into the behavior of tetraiodide liquids under extreme conditions and the nature of liquid-liquid phase transitions.