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Core Temperature Responses to Cold-Water Immersion Recovery: A Pooled-Data Analysis.

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    Area of Science:

    • Exercise Physiology
    • Thermoregulation
    • Sports Science

    Background:

    • Postexercise cold-water immersion (CWI) is a common recovery strategy.
    • Understanding the influence of CWI protocol variations on core temperature (Tc) is crucial for optimizing its application.
    • Previous research has explored CWI, but a comprehensive analysis of protocol effects on Tc dynamics is needed.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the impact of different cold-water immersion (CWI) protocols on the magnitude and time course of postexercise core temperature (Tc) responses.
    • To compare CWI effects against a control (CON) condition using pooled data analysis.
    • To identify specific CWI parameters (temperature, duration, mode) influencing Tc changes.

    Main Methods:

    • Pooled-data analysis of 157 subjects from previous postexercise CWI trials.
    • CWI protocols included variations in temperature, duration, immersion depth, and mode (continuous vs. intermittent).
    • Core temperature (Tc) changes were analyzed as a double difference (ΔΔTc) using linear mixed models across immersion and postintervention phases.

    Main Results:

    • Intermittent CWI demonstrated a significantly greater decrease in ΔΔTc (0.25°C) compared to continuous CWI during immersion (P=.02).
    • Lower water temperatures and longer immersion durations significantly enhanced Tc reduction during the immersion phase.
    • The peak difference in Tc between CWI and CON occurred 60 minutes postintervention.

    Conclusions:

    • CWI mode, duration, and temperature significantly influence the extent of postexercise core temperature reduction.
    • Intermittent immersion, colder temperatures, and longer durations appear more effective for core cooling.
    • Careful consideration of these protocol factors is necessary to prescribe optimal CWI for desired cooling effects.