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Related Concept Videos

Transcription01:10

Transcription

157.3K
Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...
157.3K
Limits with Oscillating Discontinuities01:19

Limits with Oscillating Discontinuities

494
An oscillating discontinuity is a type of discontinuity in which a function’s values fluctuate infinitely often as the input approaches a particular point. Unlike jump discontinuities, where the function suddenly shifts between two values, or infinite discontinuities, where the function diverges without bound, an oscillating discontinuity arises from rapid back-and-forth variation. Because the function never stabilizes toward a single value, no finite limit exists at that point.One of the...
494
Improper Integrals: Discontinuous Integrands01:28

Improper Integrals: Discontinuous Integrands

59
Evaluating Areas Under Curves with DiscontinuitiesA definite integral is considered improper when the integrand is discontinuous at one of the limits of integration. This occurs when the function is undefined or becomes infinite at an endpoint, making the corresponding region under the curve unbounded. Such behavior is commonly associated with vertical asymptotes at the boundary of the interval. To properly define and evaluate these integrals, a limiting process is used to determine whether a...
59
Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

82.9K
Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
82.9K
Eukaryotic Transcription Inhibitors01:52

Eukaryotic Transcription Inhibitors

11.1K
Certain biochemical processes, such as embryonic development and cell growth regulation, depend on the repression of specific genes. DNA binding proteins known as eukaryotic transcription inhibitors regulate the repression of gene expression in eukaryotes. The presence of these inhibitors at the required location and time in the cell is triggered by the presence of hormones and additional signals from other cells.
Eukaryotic transcription inhibitors usually contain two distinct domains, a...
11.1K
Eukaryotic Transcription Activators02:42

Eukaryotic Transcription Activators

12.9K
Transcription activators are proteins that promote the transcription of genes from DNA to RNA. In most cases, these proteins contain two separate domains ‒ a domain that binds to DNA and a domain for activating transcription; however, in some cases, a single domain is responsible for both binding and activation of transcription, as seen in the glucocorticoid receptor and MyoD.
The binding domains are capable of recognizing and interacting with regulatory sequences on the DNA. These...
12.9K

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Preparation of Synaptoneurosomes from Mouse Cortex using a Discontinuous Percoll-Sucrose Density Gradient
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Discontinuous transcription.

Evgeny Smirnov1, Matúš Hornáček1, Tomáš Vacík1

  • 1a Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics , First Faculty of Medicine , Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague , Prague , Czech Republic.

Nucleus (Austin, Tex.)
|December 30, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gene expression is not continuous but occurs in short bursts. These transcriptional fluctuations, observed across many species, are a common feature of gene regulation and cellular function.

Keywords:
Pulsing transcriptionburstingdiscontinuous gene expressionkineticstranscriptional fluctuation

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Recent advances in single-cell and single-gene techniques reveal gene transcription is often discontinuous.
  • This fluctuating gene expression pattern has been observed across diverse organisms, from prokaryotes to mammals.
  • Discontinuous transcription appears to be a prevalent mode of gene expression in biological systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the occurrence and characteristics of transcriptional fluctuations.
  • To discuss the methodologies employed for detecting these gene expression dynamics.
  • To explore the potential causes, kinetics, and physiological significance of pulsed gene transcription.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on gene transcription dynamics.
  • Analysis of studies utilizing single-cell and single-gene resolution techniques.
  • Synthesis of data on transcriptional bursting frequencies and patterns.

Main Results:

  • Transcriptional fluctuations, or bursting, are a widespread phenomenon in gene expression.
  • Various techniques allow for the detection and characterization of these dynamic transcription events.
  • Pulsed transcription exhibits distinct kinetic properties and is likely to have significant physiological roles.

Conclusions:

  • Gene expression is commonly regulated through intermittent bursts rather than continuous activity.
  • Understanding transcriptional bursting is crucial for comprehending gene regulation and cellular processes.
  • Further research into the causes and functions of transcriptional fluctuations is warranted.