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Related Concept Videos

Anatomy of the Heart01:27

Anatomy of the Heart

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The human heart is made up of three layers of tissue that are surrounded by the pericardium, a membrane that protects and confines the heart. The outermost layer, closest to the pericardium, is the epicardium. The pericardial cavity separates the pericardium from the epicardium. Beneath the epicardium is the myocardium, the middle layer, and the endocardium, the innermost layer. There are four chambers of the heart: the right atrium, the right ventricle, the left atrium, and the left ventricle.
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Anatomy of the Heart01:20

Anatomy of the Heart

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The heart is a hollow, muscular organ approximately the size of a fist, consisting of four chambers. It is enclosed in the pericardium, a fibrous sac with two layers: the visceral and parietal pericardium, separated by a fluid-filled space containing serous fluid to reduce friction.
The heart has three layers: the innermost endocardium, the muscular myocardium, and the outer epicardium, all working together for optimal cardiac function.
Chambers of the Heart
The heart is made up of four...
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Overview of the Heart01:07

Overview of the Heart

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The heart, a muscular organ located in the chest, functions as the body's pump, circulating blood through the vascular system. It has four chambers: two atria on top and two ventricles below. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body and passes it to the right ventricle, which pumps it to the lungs for oxygenation. The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and transfers it to the left ventricle, which pumps it to the rest of the body.
The heart's structure...
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Conduction System of the Heart01:19

Conduction System of the Heart

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Autorhythmicity is a term that refers to the heart's inherent ability to generate electrical signals and instigate muscle contractions. This self-regulating conduction system within the heart consists of two key components: the pacemaker cells and specialized conducting cells.
The pacemaker cells are located in two primary nodes: the sinoatrial (SA) node and the atrioventricular (AV) node. The SA node pacemaker cells can autonomously depolarize, triggering an action potential that leads to the...
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Conduction System of the Heart01:20

Conduction System of the Heart

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The cardiac conduction system produces and transmits electrical impulses that prompt myocardial contraction, ensuring efficient heart function. This intricate system ensures that the heart beats in a coordinated and efficient manner, beginning with the atria and then the ventricles. The conduction system optimizes cardiac output by maintaining this precise sequence, which is crucial for adequate blood circulation.
This system relies on the unique properties of nodal and Purkinje cells:...
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Genetic Screens02:46

Genetic Screens

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Genetic screens are tools used to identify genes and mutations responsible for phenotypes of interest. Genetic screens help identify individuals or a group of people at risk of developing  genetic diseases and help them with early intervention, targeted therapy, and reproductive options.
Forward genetic screens
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Automated Contraction Analysis of Human Engineered Heart Tissue for Cardiac Drug Safety Screening
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Screening for Heart Murmurs.

Kurt L Pflieger, William B Strong

    The Physician and Sportsmedicine
    |December 30, 2017
    PubMed
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    This summary is machine-generated.

    Preparticipation screening uses cardiac auscultation to differentiate normal murmurs in athletes from pathologic ones. This systematic cardiovascular exam identifies athletes at risk for sudden death and allows active participation for those with benign findings.

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    Area of Science:

    • Cardiology
    • Sports Medicine
    • Pediatrics

    Background:

    • Preparticipation screening is crucial for young athletes.
    • Cardiac auscultation is a key component of cardiovascular examination.
    • Differentiating normal from pathologic murmurs is essential.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To outline a systematic approach for cardiac auscultation in athletes.
    • To differentiate benign murmurs from those indicating cardiac pathology.
    • To guide decisions regarding athletic participation and further cardiac evaluation.

    Main Methods:

    • Systematic auscultation during preparticipation screening.
    • Consideration of factors influencing murmur audibility.
    • Clinical assessment to identify cardiac risk factors.

    Main Results:

    • A systematic approach aids in identifying normal athlete murmurs.
    • Distinguishing between normal and abnormal cardiac sounds is achievable.
    • Factors influencing audibility are key to accurate differentiation.

    Conclusions:

    • Effective auscultation can identify athletes at risk for sudden cardiac death.
    • This method helps in managing athletes with underlying cardiac conditions.
    • Allows for continued athletic activity for athletes with normal murmurs.