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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Force Microscopy01:08

Atomic Force Microscopy

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a type of scanning probe microscopy that can analyze topographic details of various specimens like ceramics, glass, polymers, and biological samples. AFM offers over 1000 times more resolution than the optical imaging system. Images generated from AFM are three-dimensional surface profiles, offering an advantage over the flat, two-dimensional images from other imaging techniques.
The AFM Probe
The probe is regarded as the heart of any AFM setup and comprises the...
Determination of Crystal Structures01:29

Determination of Crystal Structures

In the late 1800s, the revelation that light extended beyond visible wavelengths led to the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen. Recognized as high-energy electromagnetic radiation with short wavelengths, X-rays prompted exploration into their interaction with crystals. Max von Laue proposed in 1912 that the periodic arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in crystals would cause them to diffract X-rays, a hypothesis confirmed through experiments with copper sulfate and zinc sulfide...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Bacterial Immobilization for Imaging by Atomic Force Microscopy
10:03

Bacterial Immobilization for Imaging by Atomic Force Microscopy

Published on: August 10, 2011

Imaging crystals, polymers, and processes in water with the atomic force microscope.

B Drake1, C B Prater, A L Weisenhorn

  • 1Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara 93106.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|March 24, 1989
PubMed
Summary

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images surfaces in liquid, revealing atomic details of materials like mica and polyalanine. This technique shows potential for real-time biological process studies, such as fibrin polymerization.

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Last Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Bacterial Immobilization for Imaging by Atomic Force Microscopy
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Published on: August 10, 2011

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Sub-nanometer Resolution Imaging with Amplitude-modulation Atomic Force Microscopy in Liquid
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Sub-nanometer Resolution Imaging with Amplitude-modulation Atomic Force Microscopy in Liquid

Published on: December 20, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Surface science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • The atomic force microscope (AFM) is a powerful tool for surface imaging.
  • Imaging in aqueous environments presents unique challenges for AFM.
  • Understanding molecular structures and processes requires high-resolution imaging techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the capability of AFM for high-resolution surface imaging in aqueous solutions.
  • To explore the potential of AFM for studying nonconductors at the atomic scale.
  • To showcase AFM's utility in visualizing biological molecules and processes in real-time.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an AFM equipped with microfabricated cantilevers and an optical lever system for deflection monitoring.
  • Imaged rigid materials (mica) to assess atomic resolution capabilities.
  • Imaged biological molecules (polyalanine, fibrin) in aqueous environments.

Main Results:

  • Achieved atomic resolution on mica, indicating suitability for atomic-scale corrosion studies on nonconductors.
  • Visualized the structure of polyalanine, highlighting AFM's potential in biology and medicine.
  • Captured real-time polymerization of fibrin, demonstrating AFM's ability to detail dynamic biological processes.

Conclusions:

  • AFM is effective for imaging diverse surfaces, including nonconductors, in aqueous conditions with atomic precision.
  • AFM offers significant potential for structural analysis of biologically relevant molecules.
  • AFM enables real-time observation of dynamic biological events at a high resolution.