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Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Combination of High Ligation and Intraoperative Embolization using Polidocanol for Treatment of Varicoceles
Published on: December 22, 2023
Metameric spinal AVM: Long-term symptomatic relief achieved by embolization of the extradural component
Background:
Metameric spinal cord arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are rare lesions characterized by an intradural and extradural component. They are difficult to treat surgically by the endovascular route. We report a case in which symptomatic relief was achieved by embolization of the extradural component only.
Case Presentation:
A 35-year-old woman presented with acute worsening of back pain, weakness in the left leg and urinary retention. Spinal angiography showed a metameric spinal cord AVM with partial common venous drainage of the extradural and intradural components.
Conclusions:
Targeted embolization of the extradural component led to dramatic improvement of the patient's symptoms, probably by achieving venous decongestion. She remains neurologically stable at two years' follow-up.
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