Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 16, 2026

08:15
Polymeric Microneedle Array Fabrication by Photolithography
Published on: November 17, 2015
13.0K
An update on coating/manufacturing techniques of microneedles
Tamara N Tarbox1, Alan B Watts2, Zhengrong Cui2
1College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin , Austin, TX, USA. tamara.tarbox@austin.utexas.edu.
Drug Delivery and Translational Research
|December 31, 2017
Summary
Dissolving polymeric microneedles show promise in early human trials. Further research is needed to address polymer accumulation and scale up manufacturing for widespread clinical use.
Area of Science:
- Biomaterials Science
- Drug Delivery Systems
- Nanotechnology
Background:
- Microneedle technology offers tunable drug delivery strategies.
- Early human trials for dissolving polymeric microneedles are successful.
- Challenges remain in clinical translation, including polymer accumulation and manufacturing scalability.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent advancements in scalable microneedle manufacturing and coating techniques.
- To analyze methods for overcoming limitations in current microneedle production.
- To identify potentially commercially viable production strategies for microneedle devices.
Main Methods:
- Review of literature on microneedle manufacturing and coating.
- Analysis of techniques including micromilling, atomized spraying, inkjet printing, and 3D printing.
- Evaluation of scalable production methods like continuous liquid interface production.
Main Results:
- Several novel techniques show potential for scalable microneedle production.
- Micromolding faces limitations due to resource-intensive mold fabrication and batch processing.
- New coating methods offer improved efficiency and scalability over traditional processes.
Conclusions:
- Scalable manufacturing is crucial for the widespread adoption of microneedle technology.
- Advanced techniques like continuous liquid interface production and 3D printing offer promising alternatives.
- Further investigation into polymer behavior and optimized manufacturing is essential for clinical translation.
Related Concept Videos
Steel Manufacturing
1.5K
Steel manufacturing is a multi-stage process that begins by smelting iron ore into cast iron in a blast furnace. This initial stage involves layering iron ore with coke, a type of fuel, and crushed limestone within the furnace. The coke is ignited with a high volume of air, leading to the creation of carbon monoxide, which acts to reduce the iron ore to pure iron.
During this smelting process, limestone plays a crucial role by forming slag. Slag captures impurities within the molten iron, such...
During this smelting process, limestone plays a crucial role by forming slag. Slag captures impurities within the molten iron, such...
1.5K
Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles
4.2K
Vesicle budding is orchestrated by distinct cytosolic proteins such as adaptor proteins, coat proteins, and GTPases. To initiate vesicle budding, membrane-bending proteins containing crescent-shaped BAR domains bind to the lipid heads in the bilayer and distort the membrane to form a protein-coated vesicle bud. Adaptors proteins such as AP2 for clathrin-coated vesicles can nucleate on the deformed membrane. Finally, coat proteins such as clathrin or COPI and COPII assemble into a coat forming...
4.2K
Clathrin Coated Vesicles
9.5K
Clathrin-coated vesicles use endocytosis to transport receptors and lysosomal hydrolases from the Golgi to the lysosome in the late secretory pathway. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis was the first described endocytic process, and Clathrin-coated vesicles remain one of the most well-studied transport vesicles. The molecular machinery that generates clathrin-coated vesicles comprises over 50 proteins that precisely coordinate vesicle formation. Cell surface receptors concentrated in indented sites...
9.5K
COP Coated Vesicles
18.3K
Membrane-enclosed structures called vesicles transport proteins and lipids across the cell. The vesicles derive their cargo from the plasma membrane, Golgi, ER, or endosome. Coated vesicles are spherical, protein-coated carriers with a 50–100 nm diameter that mediate bidirectional transport between the ER and the Golgi. The distribution of proteins between the ER and Golgi complex is dynamic and is maintained by different coated vesicles. Their formation is driven by the assembly of...
18.3K
Coat Assembly and GTPases
4.5K
Vesicles incorporate different coat protein subunits in different cell locations, which changes the properties of the coat, such as the shape and geometry of the transport vesicles. Thus, vesicle coat proteins also play a significant role in cargo selection.
Coat assembly depends on the local availability of phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs and GTP-binding proteins. Adaptor proteins, which link the coat proteins to the membrane, bind to these PIPs and play a crucial role in controlling...
Coat assembly depends on the local availability of phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs and GTP-binding proteins. Adaptor proteins, which link the coat proteins to the membrane, bind to these PIPs and play a crucial role in controlling...
4.5K
Manufacture of Concrete Masonry Units
426
The process of manufacturing concrete masonry units begins by mixing stiff concrete composed of Portland cement, aggregates, and water. This mixture is then poured into metal molds. To ensure the concrete settles uniformly and to avoid separation of its components, the mixture in the molds is subjected to vibration. Shortly after, the still-wet blocks are removed from the molds and placed on racks.
These wet blocks are then transported for curing, which can occur in one of two environments: a...
These wet blocks are then transported for curing, which can occur in one of two environments: a...
426

